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Transcript
WAP Forum Wireless Application Protocol Overview Owen Sullivan Worldzap Agenda Development of WAP Protocol Layers Wireless Application Environment Security and Smart Cards Convergence with IETF protocols ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. State of industry in 1997 Technologies were in use to allow handheld mobile devices access to network based content, but were incompatible Smart Messaging; HDML, Narrowband sockets, Others ... WAP Forum was created to provide a single global standard for wireless data access for all handheld mobile devices ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. Initial goals of the WAP Forum Bring Internet based content & services to handheld wireless devices Work across global network technologies Allow creation of content that works across many types of link layers and device types To use existing standards wherever possible ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. What devices is WAP designed for? Includes mobile phones, pagers, PDAs Devices with limited CPU, memory & battery life Devices with a simple user interface Low bandwidth & high latency environments Unpredictable availability & stability ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. High level view of WAP Architecture Web Server WAP Gateway WML WML Encoder WMLScript WSP/WTP WMLScript Compiler HTTP CGI, Java servlets, etc WTAI Protocol Adapters Etc. ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. Content WML content or HTML content that gets translated Client Link layer technologies supported by WAP GSM: SMS, Circuit Switched Data, GPRS, USSD, Cell Broadcast ANSI-136: R-Data, Circuit Switched Data, GPRS-136 CDMA: SMS, Circuit Switched Data, Packet PDC & PHS: Circuit Switched Data, Packet CDPD; DECT; TETRA; Mobitex FLEX and ReFLEX; DataTAC ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WAP Protocols Wireless Application Environment (WAE) Other Services and Applications Session Layer (WSP) Transaction Layer (WTP) Security Layer (WTLS) Transport Layer (WDP) SMS Circuit Switched Data USSD GPRS CDPD Flex ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. Etc.. Wireless Datagram Protocol Provides a network and bearer independent interface to higher layers Provides port level addressing Provides segmentation and reassembly For link layers that support IP, UDP is used as the Wireless Datagram Protocol layer ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. Wireless Transaction Protocol Provides efficient, reliable data transfer based on request/reply paradigm Supports selective-retransmission Supports segmentation and re-assembly Message oriented (not stream) Supports an Abort function Supports concatenation of PDUs ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. Wireless Session Protocol Provides shared state between client and server used to optimize content transfer Provides semantics and mechanisms based on HTTP 1.1 Supports compact encoding of headers Supports push functionality Supports capability negotiation ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. Standard Message Center Adaptation Protocol WAP Proxy/Server Mobile WAE WAE WSP WSP WTP Message Center WTP WTLS WTLS WDP WDP Non-IP bearer (e.g. SMS) WDP Adaptation utilises SMPP, industry standard for Message Center access Non-IP bearer (e.g. SMS) WDP Adaptation WDP Adaptation TCP TCP IP IP ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WAP application environment WML- XML compliant mark-up language WMLScript - ECMAScript based scripting language WAP Push mechanism User Agent profiles WTA - WAP telephony services ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WML Example Navigatio n Variables Input Elements <WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“#eCard”/> </DO Welcome! </CARD> <CARD NAME=“eCard”> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“/submit?N=$(N)&S=$(S)”/> </DO> Enter name: <INPUT KEY=“N”/> Choose speed: <SELECT KEY=“S”> <OPTION VALUE=“0”>Fast</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE=“1”>Slow</OPTION> <SELECT> </CARD> </WML> ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. Card Deck Wireless Telephony Applications Placing an outgoing call with WTAI: WTAI Call Input Element <WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“wtai:cc/mc;$(N)”/> </DO> Enter phone number: <INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” KEY=“N”/> </CARD> </WML> ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WMLScript Example Functions Variables Programming Constructs function currencyConvertor(currency, exchRate) { return currency*exchangeRate; } function myDay(sunShines) { var myDay; if (sunShines) { myDay = “Good”; } else { myDay = “Not so good”; }; return myDay; } ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WAP Security Transport level security is WTLS, based on TLS. Provides privacy, integrity, authentication End-to-end security mechanism defined at the transport layer Application layer security provided via WMLScript crypto library ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WAP and Smart Cards WAP supports use of Smart Cards to enhance security Wireless Identity Module specification supports performing security functions & storage of sensitive data Smart Card Provisioning specification defines a file structure for secure storage of provisioning data ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WAP’s current status WAP Forum has 200+ members including 90% of world’s handset manufacturers Carriers with over 100 million subscribers Leading infrastructure providers, software developers & content providers WAP v1.2 specification suite approved Dec 99 Commercial services now widely deployed ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. Changing marketplace High speed 2.5G technologies - GPRS, EDGE 3G technologies being developed with data rates of up to 2Mbps Multimedia capable devices being developed Demand for richer content - high quality graphics, audio, video ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WAP next generation WAP Architecture Convergence group working to ensure WAP’s architecture converges with the IETF and other protocols WPG reviewing the output from the IETF PILC group with a goal of incorporating TCP into the WAP stack WAP continually evolving to ensure compatibility with emerging technologies ©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. WAP Forum www.wapforum.org Thank you!