Download GN ppt #5 Immune System - Liberty Union High School District

Thacker Biology 5/2016
Biology Unit 10 Physiology
Objectives and Questions:
Name:_____________________________
ppt#5 Blood and Immune System
1. I can describe the constituents in the three layers of blood
2. I can define the various blood types and describe their characteristics with respect to antigen on surface and antibody in plasma.
3. I can describe which blood can be given to which blood type, including Rh factor.
4. I can describe some pathogen examples and ways in which I can be exposed to pathogens.
5. I can describe the differences between non-specific and specific defense mechanisms for combating infection.
6. I can describe the sequence of how my body protects me from infection…3 lines of defense.
7. I can describe the role of T cells , B cells, and macrophages
8. I can describe an antibody and tell it’s function.
9. I can describe the body’s reaction to allergens.
10. I can describe how an immunization can protect you from viruses
11. I can describe what happens when HIV infection occurs.
12. I can determine what type of blood a person can receive so as not to become sick due to agglutination issues.
BLOOD is your ____________________________for cells and nutrients.
It is composed mostly of _______________, molecules and three__________________________________
There are three components to blood. If you spin blood it layers into three specific layers.
Plasma: Top layer, rather clear
_______% of blood volume is Plasma, mostly H20
Transports _______________.
Contains:______________, ______________, vitamins, minerals,
_______________(antibodies), ____________________
and hormones.
Red Blood Cells: Bottom Layer
__________% of blood volume is RBC
Transports ______________________ via hemoglobin (no nucleus)
RBCs live for 120 days then destroyed by _________________.
New RBCs created in the bone marrow by stem cells.
White Blood Cells & Platelets : Middle layer called Buffy Coat
______________% of the blood volume
5 kinds of white blood cells that fight off _______________
Platelets are _______________________________________
Blood Cells have surface ____________that define your blood type.
If you receive blood with a protein marker that is different from your bloods marker protein your immune system will
attack and cause them to clump and block veins and arteries and cause _____________!!!!
There are _______________________different protein markers in humans!! _______are most common, ______& _____.
The A and B protein markers produce _____kinds of blood types:
Type A blood has the ______________________________ A blood type people have Anti-B antibodies
Type B blood has the ______________________________ B blood type people have Anti-A antibodies
Type AB blood has ___ ____________________________ AB blood type people have Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
Type O blood has ___________________________________ O blood type people have no antibodies
Type O can be given to any blood type!!
Type AB can receive __________, ____________, & ____________
Type A can receive ___________ or ___________
Type B can receive ___________ or ___________
Another important blood protein marker is Rh factor. Some people are + for this and some are – for this.
Anybody may receive RhIf you are Rh- and receive Rh+, ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
People MUST ___________________ __________________________________________________________!!!!
IMMUNE SYSTEM
How are you exposed to pathogens?? (_______________________________________________)
Directly: _______________________, _______________________
Indirectly: __________________________, ________________________________, ______________________
_________________________, sharing pencils at school. Yikes!
Pathogens are infectious agents…..we call any foreign “body” an _______________________!!
The Immune system has 3 stages of defense against “invaders”
1st line of defense(non-Specific)____________________, ____________________, __________________
2nd line of defense (non-specific) _____________________, ______________________, _________________________
3rd line of Defense (specific) takes about 3-5 days
______________________________________, _________________________________
More about 1st line of defense: physical barrier____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
More about 2nd line of defense: Inflammatory response:__________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Temperature response: _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
More about 3rd
line of defense: Specific Response:
These cells stored in your lymph organs and tissues
Lymphocytes:_________________________________________________________________________________
Helper T cells_____________________________________________________________________________
Killer T cells______________________________________________________________________
B-cells __________________________________________________________________________
Macrophages: _________________________________________________________________________
Describe an antibody:
______________________________________made by B cells
______________________________________on surface of foreign cells
_____________________________________and marks it for destruction
What is Acquired Immunity???
Acquired Immunity is when you have resistance to pathogens because
You have been infected before AND you had generated MEMORY cells!!!
Immune response is faster because your body has _________________________ (types of B-cells that can
produce antibodies quickly) because those cells ___________________________________________________
Allergies! YUCK!
You develop allergies because your body is _________________________________as if it were an antigen (a foreign
invader!)
Why do allergies get worse??__________________________________________________________________
Do memory cells have anything to do with this??________________________
Macrophages release _________________whic cause_________________ Treat with ANTI-______________
Immune Diseases: __________________________weaken the immune system
This makes it easier for other pathogens to infect!
Leukemia= _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus: ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Auto-immune Disease: ____________________________________________________________________
EX: ___________________________________________________________
Vaccines: _________________________________________________________________
These activate the immune response and the body makes _____________________________________
If you are infected again, Memory B cells can quickly produce_______________________________________
Symptoms experienced are due to the body’s ___________________________________________.
How do Antibiotics work?
Antibiotics are chemicals that _________________________________________________________________
Over use can lead to __________________________________________________________________.
Differences between
Bacteria
and
Virus
What is going on when HIV infection happens??
The Virus attacks_________________________________
Number of Helper T-cells_________________________________
Person dies because _____________________________________________
Other facts:
Antigen/Antibody response
using blood type as an example:
Agglutinin: ___________________________________________________________
Agglutinogens:_____________________________________________________________________________
“A” blood types have “B” agglutinins (antibodies)
“B” blood type have ______________________________
“AB” blood type has _______________________________________
“O” blood type has __________________________________________
So Anti “A” antibodies should bind to the RBCs with the A antigen on it and cause the cells to clump.
So Anti “B” antibodies should bind to the RBCs with the _____________________________________
With blood type “AB” you should see clumping with ____________________________________
We use the symbol “D” to represent the antibody to the Rf antigen. If your blood clumps with anti “D”
then you are Rf+.
In order to identify the blood type of an individual, we make use of the basic physiological elements found
in the blood - the antigens on the erythrocytes and the antibodies found in the plasma. In blood typing,
we will mix the erythrocytes from an individual with known antibodies. These antibodies are raised from a
monoclonal population of the B-cells that create each type of antibody - so we have separate bottle of
Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D antibodies (these solutions are also known as anti-sera).
If you see agglutination, that means your red blood cells have that antigen on
them.
In the cases illustrated below, we have two different drops of blood added into anti-B serum.
The sample on the left has agglutinated (or clumped), while the sample on the right shows no
reaction. Agglutination occurs as the antibodies bind to the antigen on the erythrocyte's membrane and
cross-link several erythrocytes together. They are then relatively heavy and drop out of solution.
The typing for the Rh factor (the D protein) uses antibodies directed against the D protein. The typical
blood typing tray contains wells for all three antisera (anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D) and you check all of
them to determine blood type. If you are positive for the Rh protein, you just denote a positive sign (+) a
If your blood agglutinates
in:
You are blood
type:
Anti-A, but not Anti-B
A
Anti-B, but not Anti-A
B
Anti-A and Anti B
AB
Neither Anti-A or Anti-B
O
Anti-D
Now please play the blood typing game 
Rh positive