Download CBA Hardware,Software, and - CBA-Survival

Hardware/Software
Telecommunications
Introduction
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A computer system consists of hardware and
software
Hardware is anything you can touch (ex. Mouse,
monitor, and keyboard)
Software is step by step instructions that performs a
specific task (ex. Internet, Games, Word)
Executing is when the computer uses software to
perform a specific task
You must have both hardware and software to
make a computer work.
System unit – a computer case that contains the
CPU, power supply, memory, and storage
HARDWARE
Input Devices
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Peripheral device
Mouse
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Keyboards
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QWERTY is standard
Ergonomic– helps relieve stress caused by repetitive actions.
Carpal Tunnel
Speech recognition– talk into the computer
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Roller ball
Optical
Must have software and microphone.
Touch screens– Self check at Walmart
Joystick
Mouse
Touch screen
Microphone
Keyboard
Output Devices
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Output device – allows the user to view or listen
to the data a computer processes.
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Monitor– produces a soft copy
Printers– produces a hard copy
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Impact– strikes paper– dot matrix
Non-Impact– laser and inkjet
Plotters– pens to draw graphics on paper
Speakers
Monitor
Speakers
Laser
Printer
Plotter
Inkjet
Printer
The Central Processing Unit
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Central Processing Unit (CPU) – executes
commands from a computer's hardware and
software; the principal computer chip that contains
several processing components, which determines
the computer's operating speed;
CPU- two parts
 ALU– Arithmetic and Logic Unit– Math
 Control Unit– the boss
CPU– the brain of the computer
Placed on a silicon chip known as the
microprocessor
Machine Language
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Machine Language– Binary number system
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0’s and 1’s.
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1 is electric current is on
O is electric current is off
Bit is a 0 or 1
Byte is 8 bits
ASCII– American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
Primary Storage
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Memory - computer chips that store data and
programs while the computer is working; often
called RAM or Random Access Memory
Main storage, Main memory
RAM– Random Access Memory– can
be changed—volatile
ROM—Read Only Memory– cannot be
changed– non-volatile
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KB– 1 thousand
MB—1 million
GB- 1 Billion
Secondary Storage
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Storage device – external hardware used to
store and retrieve data.
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Magnetic Media– Hard disks, disks, and tapes
 Hard disks—stack of round disks
 Diskettes---3 ½
 Tape – sequential access—used for backup
Optical Storage
 CD’s—uses laser to write data
 CD-Rs and CD RW must have a cd burner
 DVDs
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Jump Drives and Memory Cards
Floppy disk
Jump/Thumb Drive
Flash Drive
CDs
Hard Drive
CD R
DVD R
CD RW
DVD RW
Categories of Computers
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Supercomputers– fastest– used by scientist
and weather
Mainframes– slower, less powerful– used by
businesses, hospitals, and colleges
Minicomputers– slower– used by small
businesses
Microcomputers– what we use
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Portables– Laptops, PDAs
Compatibility
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Software must be compatible with hardware
and vice versa.
Examples Microsoft and IBM compatible
Macintosh compatible
Software
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System software – software responsible for the
general operation of a computer system,
including the operation of hardware, running
application software, and file management OS–
operating systems/System Software
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Examples: BIOS, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X,
Linux, or utility software
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Booting– starting up a computer system by loading
the OS
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Warm boot– CTRL+ALT+DEL
Cold Boot– use power button
Operating System
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Operating system - system software that acts as
a "go-between", allowing computer hardware
and other software to communicate with each
other
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DOS– command Line Interface
GUI– Graphical user interface– Windows
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Multitasking– ability to do more than one task at a time
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Application Software
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Application software – computer software created to
allow the user to perform specific a job or task
Examples: Word processing, Spreadsheets, Database,
and Graphics software
Office 2007 is a integrated software package
Includes
 Outlook--Email
 Word—Word Processing
 Excel--Spreadsheet
 Access--Database
 PowerPoint--Presentation
 Publisher—Desktop Publishing
 Frontpage– creates web pages
PowerPoint 2007
Excel 2007
Office 2007 Word
Save and Save As
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Save – storing data for later use
Save As – a feature that allows the user to change
the attributes of a file (such as location, file name, or
file type) before saving it.
File management – A program on a computer that
allows the user to create, edit, view, print, rename,
copy, or delete files, folders, or an entire file system
File type – an extension at the end of a file name,
indicating which application was used to create a
document
 Examples: Word files end in .doc and Excel files
end in .xls
Network
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Network– two or more computers connected
together to share information.
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Can be Wired or Wireless
Logon – the action of gaining access to a
computer or a network by entering a
username and password; also
called Login/Sign In
LAN– Local Area Network. Limited
geographical area.
WAN– Wide Area Network– City, State,
Country
Networks
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Telecommunications – transmitting information
and communicating electronically
Intranet – a company's private network of
computers
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Example: School Network.
Protocol – the rules that must be observed for
two electronic devices to communicate with each
other.
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HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
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You can send and receive Web pages over the
Internet because Web servers and Web browsers
both can understand HTTP.
Networks
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Online – computers that are connected
and ready to receive and/or transmit data
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Stand alone – a computer that is not
connected to a network
Electronic mail (e-mail) – transmission of
messages and files using a computer
network
Fax – a document generated by using a
facsimile machine
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Internet
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Internet is the largest network
ISP– Internet Service Provider– Verizon,
WASP wireless, WildBlue, Ritter
Examples include
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Dialup
Cable
DSL
Wireless
WWW.
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World Wide Web (WWW) – a system of
computers that share information by means
of links on web pages
Internet
Uniform Resource Locator ( URL) –
Internet address that identifies hypertext
documents
Every Web site has a unique address called a
Uniform Resource Locator or URL.
 The first part of an URL indicates the
protocol required to access the page.
 The second part of an URL specifies the IP
address or a domain name.
 The top-level domain at the end of the URL
indicates the type of organization or
business.
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The Parts of an URL
The protocol indicates what
rules are used to transmit and
interpret the Web page codes.
The domain name
http://www.smithsonian.org
This indicates that the
site is on the Web.
The domain extension indicates
what type of organization
sponsors the Web site.
Careers in Computers
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All careers involve a computer
School degrees
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Computer programming
Computer Engineering
Computer Repair
Software Design
CAD– Computer Aided Design
CAM– Computer Aided Manufacturing
Web Design
Computer Game Designer
Popular Jobs
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Systems analysts
Computer operators– use programs and devices
to conduct business with computers.
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Teachers
Office Management
Computer Programmers– write software
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Microsoft
Game Designers
Future
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New technology changes everyday. Technology is
updated every 72 hours.
Cell Phones– Smart phone– Had laptop possibilities.
Netbooks– small, portable computers
Wireless Internet
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McDonalds, Burger King, Starbucks, etc
Computers are becoming smaller, powerful, and
have more memory and hard drive space.
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Touch Screens
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