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Internet and Computer Networks
Evolution
Bogdan IANCU
Department of Computer Science (UTCN)
Agenda
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Internet Evolution
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World Wide Web (WWW) Evolution
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Technological Impact
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Future Internet
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State-of-the-art applications
Internet Evolution
"The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior“ (Dr.
Phil)
Introduction
"All Science Is Computer Science"
(New York Times, 2001)
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The Internet
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global network connecting millions of computers
network of networks, a networking infrastructure
Romania Internet Usage
YEAR
2000
2004
2006
2007
2010
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Users
800,000
4,000,000
4,940,000
5,062,500
7,786,700
Population
22,217,700
21,377,426
21,154,226
21,154,226
21,959,278
2012 – approx. 12 million Internet users
% Pop.
3.60%
18.70%
23.40%
23.90%
35.50%
Computer Network Devices
Topologies and network devices
Physical Layer
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Wireless
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RF
Infrared
Microwave
Wired
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Copper: UTP, FTP, STP
Optical fiber
Data link Layer
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Connecting devices in a LAN
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Wireless
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Wired
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AP (Access Point)
Switch
MAC address
unique identifier assigned
to network interfaces (48 bits)
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Network Layer
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Connecting different LANs
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Wireless
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Wired
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Wireless Router
Router
IP address
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Version 4 (32 bits)
Version 6 – auto-configuration (128 bits)
(2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:0000:abcd:ef12 )
Topologies and network devices
Traditional solution
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Requirements:
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Office space
Servers
Cooling
 UPS
Operating systems, softwares, upgrades,
patches
Firewalls, Intrusion prevention systems,
spam control, …
Failover
Disaster recovery
Team of experts
Traditional solution disadvantages
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Time consumption
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Higher costs
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Slow scaling
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high performance computing machine designed to have extremely
fast processing speeds
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Multiple connected computers that work together
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they can be viewed as a single system
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Distributed system
Cloud Solution
Google Data Center
VIDEO: Explore a Google data center with Street View
Cloud Computing Benefits
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Highly optimized virtual data centers.
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Software, Hardware available for use when needed: pay
per use basis.
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Instant scale up / scale down.
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Fast to get started, costs less.
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Multi-tenancy
Cloud market
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Google
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Google apps:
http://www.google.com/apps
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Google calendar.
Google docs.
Google videos.
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Synchronization and access with mobile devices and apps
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Android, iPhone, Blackberry
Cloud market
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Microsoft
Cloud market
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Cisco
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The platform enabling the world of many clouds
Cloud market
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Dropbox
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Cloud-storage service.
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Simple and reliable.
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Secure solution.
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More than 45 million people depend on Dropbox.
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Files synchronized with PC and smartphone.
WWW
World Wide Web
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a way of accessing information over the medium of the
Internet (built on top of the Internet)
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an open information space where the documents are
linked, and where anyone who is connected can see any
and link to any document (Leuf 2006, 4)
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a techno-social system to interact humans based on
technological networks (Aghaei et al. 2012, 1)
Web 1.0 – connects information
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read-only web
a mono-directional tool
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Services:
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Websites,
online journals,
online archives,
Internet radio/podcasting,
electronic calendar
Etc.
Web 2.0 – connects people
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read-write web
people-centric web
the interactive web, the participative web
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The main technologies and services are
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Email
Blogs (+ photoblogs, videoblogs and podcats)
Really simple syndication (RSS)
Wikies (a web that can be edited by anyone)
Social networks
Mobile telecommunication
Etc.
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Top 5 countries with the highest population
1
2
3
4
5
Country
Population
1,343,239,923
China
1,205,073,612
India
1,060,000,000
Facebook
313,847,465
United States
248,645,008
Indonesia
193,946,886
Brazil
Web 3.0 – connects knowledge
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Semantic Web, Transcendent Web
Purpose: make the web readable by machines and not
only by humans
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Four key elements
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Social Web
Semantic Web
Internet of Things
Artificial Intelligence
The impact of Web evolution on users
Techno-social system
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Cognition (Web 1.0)
Communication (Web 2.0)
Cooperation (Web 3.0)
in order to co-operate one needs to communicate and in
order to communicate one needs to cognize (Fuchs 2010,
767)
Web 4.0, Web 5.0…Web X.0 –
connect intelligence
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Poorly developed even at the level of ideas
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Web 4.0 is believed to be a web of integration, in which
human mind and machines can interact in symbiosis
(Aghaei et al. 2012, 1-2)
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Web 5.0 is mentally configured as a sensory emotive
space of interaction (Kambil 2008)
Technological
impact
"Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.“ (S.
Jobs)
Technological context and impact
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Multitude of information sources
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Speed and mobility of the new technologies
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Need to improve competitiveness through innovation and
investment
Future
Internet
“This is the first opportunity to connect the physical and digital world. That
is revolutionary.”
Future Internet
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Internet of Things (IoT)
Internet of People (IoP)
Internet of Energy (IoE)
Internet of Media (IoM)
Internet of Services (IoS)
Internet of Things (IoT)
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a dynamic global network infrastructure where physical and
virtual “things” have
 identities,
 physical attributes,
 virtual personalities,
 use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into
the information network
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smart things/objects are expected to become active
participants in business
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machine-to-machine communication
IoT
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Connecting
 Anything
 Anyone
 Anytime
Using
 Any network
 Any service
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Example of
communication between
objects:
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My fridge knows that the
bottle of milk is almost
empty and it orders
another bottle from the
supermarket
Internet of Things (IoT)
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a dynamic global network infrastructure of physical and virtual “things”
smart things/objects
machine-to-machine communication
Telstra - future networks
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VIDEO: Our Connected Future - Future Technology
Vision - Telstra Innovation
State-of-the-art Applications
Semantic web advertising
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Specific brand ads placed on specific web pages based on
contextual relevance
Ads relevance
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It it believed that an ad (text and image) that is topically
related to a Web page is relevant
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An example in this sense is an ad for sneakers placed on a sport news
page
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However, if the target is taking into account, the ads can
be properly placed on a page
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a picture of a sunset in an ad promoting life insurance has
different meanings than a picture of a sunset in an ad for
beer
Affective computing
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Definition
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Computing that relates to, arise from, or influence emotions or
other affective phenomena
Aims
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enhanced user interaction
new tools for marketers
Affective computing
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Sources of communicating affective and cognitive information
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Classic sources
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face detection
 one of the richest sources
 The facial expressions exhibited in viewers while watching
commercials predict strength of recall of the brand
voice detection
 vocal tract, excitation, duration and intonation
body language detection
Affective computing
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New sources
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touch screen interaction/ touch sensitive screen
 hand temperature/ umidity
 touch power/duration/repetition
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Emphasize the profile of the person and the emotional state of the
person and can further recommend certain brands (products and
services)
ambient light detection
Affective computing - applications
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Intelligent systems that record vocal tract, intonation etc.
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Neuromarketing – links the consumer behavior to the neurosciences
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Decodes what the consumer believes about a brand
Affective computing - applications
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Advantages
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correlate human behaviours /emotions with the interfaces/sensors on
smartdevices (smartphones, tablet PCs)
create users’ behavioral patterns
matches social content with users emotions
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Kinetics
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Kinect
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Wii
Affective computing - applications
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University of Tokyo Sony CSL (Computer Science Labs)
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“Happiness Counter” connected to a regular refrigerator
scans a person’s face as they stand in front of the refrigerator
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the door smoothly opens with a smile
Augmented Reality
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Definition
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A view of reality that is modified or completed by the
computer
Aims
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enhanced user interaction
new tool for marketers and clients
Augmented reality - applications
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Nokia City Lens
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AR application that allows users to get more information about a
location simply by pointing their camera at the location
Augmented reality - applications
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IKEA – 2013 catalog – let consumers access films, interactive
experience and photo galleries with their smartphones
Augmented reality - applications
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Vodafone – Digital library
Augmented reality - applications
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Google Glasses
Augmented reality - applications
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Advantages
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using users’s behavioral patterns/profile
matches content with users needs
SixSense
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project a phone pad
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make a phone call
Users looking for the closest favorite
store
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place computer-generated graphics in their field
of vision.
Augmented reality
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Other future possibilities:
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Trying on clothes from home
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Smelling perfumes from home
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Feeling the texture of a blouse remotely
Near Filed Communication (NFC)
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Wireless network
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Definition:
 a no contact wireless form of short range
communication
 in mobile phones and devices including payment cards
 replacement for QR codes (quick response codes)
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Aims:
 enhanced user interaction
 new tool for marketers and clients
NFC - applications
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Advantages
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using NFC sensor from devices
matches user’s preference with content
"Smart Posters“
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place tags in traditional print-based objects
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can recognize someone approaching the sign
with an NFC-enabled smartphone
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read the user's preferences.
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customize the message on the display for
that user
Smart objects’ communication
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Objects connected to Internet that communicate
between them
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Eg. Telephone communicates with the coffee machine in order
to start making a certain type of coffee at a certain hour for a
certain number of people
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Eg. Objects that remember the owner favorite food and order
it from a certain restaurant (that owns the technology)
Smart objects’ communication
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Eg. A broken phone orders by itself a new component
from the support center
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User privacy?
IoT
Conclusion
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The future of applications
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Content + Contextual information
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Based on future Internet technology and trends
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Create the new infrastructure
Adopt the new technology within advertising campaigns
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IoT
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How / Who will manage Future Internet platform?
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“A lot of time, people don’t know what they want until
you show it to them.”
Steve Jobs