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Wireless Connectivity
for Smart Grid
Shailesh Thakurdesai
Business Development Manager
Texas Instruments India
Agenda
• Introduction – Smart Grid BU
• Wireless Technologies – Comparison, WW Stds
• Wireless Protocols / Stds in Smart Grid
– Zigbee
– 6 LowPAN
– Tiny Mesh
• TI Support
• Summary
TI’s Smart Grid Business unit
Analog
Embedded Processing
16-bit
MSP430™
32-bit
real-time
C2000™
ARM 32-bit
M3/M4
Stellaris®
ARM 9
Cortex™ 8
C5000
C6000
OMAPL1x
Low-power
RF* + RFID**
< 1 GHz
2.4GHz
Reader
Transponder
High
Performance
Analog
AFE, PGA
ADC, DAC..
Power
HVAL
AC/DC,
DC/DC, LDO..
Mixed Signal
ASICs, PMICs
Logic…
Smart Grid Business Unit
Marketing, BD, System/Application, Software team, Standardization & Government relations support
System Solutions for:
Inside the home / buildings
(Home Area Network)
Outside the home
(Wide Area Network)
* in Wireless Business unit
** in MCU Business unit
5/25/2017
TI Confidential - NDA Restrictions
3
Focus segments for a Smart Grid
Smart Grid
infrastructure
Smart Meters
• Concentrators
• Electricity meter
• Power Monitoring &
• Gas meter
Protection
• Water meter
Smart homes
and buildings
• In home display
• Thermostats
• Smart Appliances
• Renewable Energy
• demand response unit
• HV Circuit Breaker
• Circuit Breaker
• Charging elect. Vehicle
5/25/2017
TI Confidential - NDA Restrictions
4
Smart Grid Home Area Network
TI Offers Complete Solutions For:
• Sensing/Measurement: Smart
Energy measurements (Metrology)
• Communication: ZigBee, WiFi,
PLC, KNX,...
• Control: In-Home Displays,
Energy Gateways, Smart Sensors,
Smart Plugs…
Picture - Source: ZigBee Presentation, Metering San Diego March 2010
TI is Driving International Standards
• TI contributes to IEEE, ITU, and ISO standards
• TI participates in industry alliances
• Why?
– To drive interoperability, and deliver leading edge software and hardware
solutions
15.4G
Wireless Technologies Comparison
50
Maximum Throughput
Range
WiFi
3
Bluetooth®
1
ZigBee
0.1
RFID
RFID
Sub-1GHz
RF4CE
ANT
BLE/ANT
ZigBee
RF4CE
6LoWPAN
Sub-1GHz
2.4GHz
Bluetooth®
Li-Ion
Technology
Smallest Power Source Required
AAA
6LoWPAN
0-1
2.4GHz
Proprietary
10
100
Range (m)
WiFi
Bluetooth®
Coin
Cell
BLE
No
Battery
Technology
WiFi
7
ZigBee
RFID
BLE/ANT
RF4CE
Sub-1GHz
6LoWPAN
2.4GHz
Proprietary
Technology
TI’s Wireless Smart Metering Solutions
• RF solutions for all open ISM bands < 1GHz and
2.45 GHz.
• Also new bands in China (CC1100E: 470-510
MHz) and Japan (CC112x/CC120x: 920MHz)
• New VHF Metering band in Europe
(CC112x/CC120x: 169MHz)
• Very flexible and high performance RF ICs to
support legacy protocols, proprietary protocols
and all currently known standardized solutions.
- ZigBee, Smart Energy – mesh 2.4GHz
- 6LoWPAN – mesh sub 1 GHz
- Wireless M-bus, KNX (Europe)
• In close contact with Metering standardization
Working Groups – Smart Meter (EU), Smart
Metering (Major metering companies), ESMIG,
802.15.4, ETSI etc
ZigBee in Smart Grid
• 40 MU planned to
ship till 2014*
• ZigBee Smart
Energy (ZSE) Profile
(metering and
energy
management)
Picture - Source: ZigBee Presentation, Metering San Diego March 2010
* Source: IMS – The Smart Home – World - 2010
Network testbed & demo
•
•
•
http://www.tizigbeedemo.com/
100-node demo network and 400-node test network
Show network scale & robustness
Engineering test/debug tool & Customer integration opp
TI’s Wireless Smart metering Solutions
SE1.x and SE2.0
NEW
SE2.0
SE1.x
ZigBee Pro
• Existing deployments on SE1.x
• Will continue to be developed
by the ZigBee Alliance and TI
• Successful deployments and focus
areas : Texas, UK and Australia
ZigBee IP
• Move to IP connectivity
• Worldwide
• More demand response and devices
• Support electrical vehicle charging
• More pricing information in the application layer
• Support existing internet routers in the home
Texas Instruments SEP2.0 Demonstration
WiFi
Ethernet
ZigBee IP
Metering
TI Smart Meter Board
(MSP430+CC2520)
Metering
Pricing, Messaging
ESI
(Stellaris+CC2533)
Metering
Pricing
Messaging
IPD
(Stellaris+CC2533)
End to End Application
Web Service
Meter
Data
WiFi Access
Point
Web Service
TCP
IP + 6LoWPAN
Metering
Pricing
Messaging
TCP
IP + 6LoWPAN
IP
IP
MAC
MAC
MAC
MAC
MAC
MAC
802.15.4 PHY
15.4
PHY
Ethernet
PHY
Ethernet
PHY
802.11
PHY
802.11 PHY
6LoWPAN
The benefits of 6LoWPAN include:
– Open, reliable standards
– Transparent Internet integration
– Network maintainability, Global scalability
– End-to-End data flow
• IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Area Networks
• Defined by IETF standards
• Stateless header compression
• Enables standard socket API
• Direct end-to-end Internet integration
•
Interoperability for 6LoWPAN is defined on the IP layer; an end node shall be accessible
over the network / Internet. (“ping”)
•
The 6LoWPAN network protocol is not directly tied to the PHY layer, and alternate PHY
layers (even not radio) can be used as long as the end nodes are accessible over the
network / Internet.
13
Network Architecture
•
•
•
•
•
6LoWPANs are stub networks
Simple 6LoWPAN
– Single Edge Router
Extended 6LoWPAN
– Multiple Edge Routers
Ad-hoc 6LoWPAN
– No route outside the 6LoWPAN
Internet Integration Issues
– Max Transmission Unit (MTU)
– Application Protocols
– IPv4 interconnectivity
– Firewalls and NATs
– Security
Source: Sensinode Ltd.
14
Why sub-1GHz 6LoWPAN?
•
Wireless extension of installed wired IPv6 (Internet devices)
•
10-800m range, Home Area Network range
•
Instant, secure, automatic connections
•
Moderate data rates, 50-200 kbps
•
Very low memory footprint, stack is around 20kB. The Sensinode Nanostack
2.0 Lite 6LoWPAN stack is up to six times smaller than a ZigBee PRO
stack.
15
Main markets
•
The 6LoWPAN network technology is scalable, but obviously not optimum for
all use cases.
•
The focus markets / applications are larger scale networks that require
connection to an IP backbone network. The current version requires mains
power as all the routers must be on to pass message traffic
•
The most relevant cases are, but not limited to:
– Smart metering
– Street lighting
– Industrial automation / monitoring
– Logistics / asset tracking
– Security large scale / commercial
– Military / defense
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Using CC1180 WNP
Application Processor
Sensinode NAP Interface
CC1180
Wireless Network Processor
UART
Sensinode NAP Interface
UDP
Preloaded CC1180:
• Bootloader
• Read/Write EUI-64 address. (”MAC
address”)
• Update stack version, OTA
• Stack is encrypted
• Bootloader flash area is locked
• Debug interface is disabled
ICMP
IPv6/6LoWPAN
ROLL RPL
IEEE 802.15.4e MAC
IEEE 802.15.4g PHY
Socket API via UART
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Senisnode NanoBoot API
Sensinode NAPSocket API
library
Application
Tiny Mesh – Sub 1G Software Offering
Powerful multi-hop mesh protocol
• Self configuring
• Bidirectional wireless
communication in a multi-hop mesh
network
• Self healing
• Control and monitoring of individual nodes
• LBT (Listen Before Talk)
• Acknowledge and Retransmission(s) on each hop
• AES 128 encryption in hardware (optional)
• Sub 1 GHz G.S.R. Compliant (865-867 MHz)
Tiny Mesh – Sub 1G Software Offering
• Standard PHY: IEEE 802.15.4g compatible
• Transparent application layer supporting multiple customer protocols, securing interoperability
• Enabling Internet of Things
• Detection of RF tampering (optional)
• Field Proven within AMR, street lighting, home- and building automation since 2008
• No need for network DCU (network organizer) as each module is 100% autonom & is optimizing its own
routing paths
• Path with Least number of jumps and best RSSI decisionmaking in each Router
• Up to 255 hops, no limitations on number of Routers at each hop (4 bytes addressing space)
• Configurable as Router or Gateway via one simple command
• GW directly interfaces CMRI or GPRS/Ethernet bridge directly via UART or RS232/USB levelshifter
• Multiple GWs in same network (no restrictions on number of GWs)
Tiny Mesh – Sub 1G Software Offering
Communication and configuration
• Few electrical connections for easiest in-design: VCC and GND
• One-pin antenna interface
• Two-pin UART serial interface
The UART (with hardware handshake) is used for (optional) configuration and
serial data communication.
Minimum on-site deployment time is secured via self configuring:
• Power up the gateway
Pincompatible
modules for
world-wide
usage
• Build the network by adding nodes with wireless connections to the gateway
• Observe LED indicators to control link quality & path redundancy during installation
• Send data transparently from the nodes to the gateway or:
• Send addressed data or I/O control - commands to any node from the gateway.
8-pin configurable digital and analogue input/output
Product Range
RC232 modules




Embedded protocol
UART in, RF out
Up to 5-6 km range
Easy to use cable replacement
 Mesh network protocols
 2.4 GHz world wide use
 One single shielded component
Wireless M-Bus




Pan-European standard
169/868 MHz long range
AMR and industrial
Battery operation, metering
Tiny Mesh
6LoWPAN / ZigBee
IEEE 802.15.4 modules
KNX-RF




Worldwide standard
868 MHz long range
Building automation
Battery operation




Mesh network protocol
All ISM frequencies
Self configuring, self healing
LBT, Acknowledge, AES128
Narrowband – High End





Worldwide ISM bands
169MHz => 868 MHz
High power long range
True narrowband
AMR and Asset tracking
TI’s Wireless Smart metering Solutions
TI offers world class support
•
•
•
•
•
The team in Oslo has 10 years+ experience with RF and can greatly speed up the development
time for the hardware by:
Layout/antenna discussions to find the best solution for a given PCB/product
Layout/Antenna review of the PCB before manufacturing of the PCB
– This greatly increases the probability of a ”right first time” design
When the PCB comes back from manufacturing TI will:
– Verify the RF performance: Output Power and Receiver Sensitivity
– Match the antenna to 50ohm (one shunt and one series element)
– Measure the antenna radiation pattern in 3D and scan for spurious emissions
Software support, our ZigBee software is developed and supported by us
22
TI’s Wireless Smart metering Solutions
Antenna Evaluation Kit
Antenna reference
designs (PCB, Chip
and Wire antennas)
13 low cost antennas
and 3 calibration
boards.
Frequency ranges
from 136 MHz to 2.48
GHz.
CC-ANTENNA-DK r
www.ti.com/lit/swra328
TI’s Wireless Smart metering Solutions
TI Low Power RF Tools at a glance…
Hardware
Software
Z-Stack
Evaluation Module Kits
ZigBee protocol stack
2 RF EMs
2 Antennas
USB Dongles
CC1111/CC2511/CC2531
All the hardware you
need to get started
right out of the box
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
Simple network protocol
RemoTI
RF4CE-compliant stack
Demos
Software Examples
Reference Designs
eZ430-RF2480
ZigBee Network Processor
Reference Design
Gerber files, BOM
and schematics available
for all devices
CC2510 & CC1110 Mini DK
eZ430-RF2500
SimpliciTI
TIMAC
Development Kits
Low Cost CC1110/CC2510 kits
Low Cost RF development tool
Copy and reuse as is
Application Notes &
Design Notes
PC Tools
Technical information giving
developers a head start
Online Community
Discussion Forums,
videos and blogs
Design Support
Packet Sniffer
Capture and parse radio
packets going over the air
Training Workshops
Hands on - ranging from
RF basics to software development
LPRF Developer’s Network
Tools and solutions from 3rd parties
Smart RF Studio
Evaluate and configure
TI RF ICs
Thank you !