Download DRCP - Telcordia

SIP-based Mobility Management
Scheme for Wireless Internet
Presenter: Ashutosh Dutta
Research Scientist,Telcordia Technologies, NJ
[email protected]
(Joint work with Toshiba America Research Inc.,
Toyota Info Technologies.,
Columbia University)
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Motivation
 Mobility and wireless are rapidly becoming the rule rather than
exception.
 SIP is gaining acceptance as the signaling protocol for
multimedia conferences and Internet telephony.
It is essential to support wireless mobile users in a SIP signaling
and control environment.
 Current Wireless Standard efforts using SIP
– IETF
– 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
– MWIF (Mobile Wireless Internet Forum)
– 3GPP2
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Outline
–Objective
–Mobility Management Requirement
–Existing mobility solutions
–SIP based mobility
–Performance
–Wireless Internet Testbed Implementation
–Issues and Summary
–SIP Mobility demo
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Why is Mobility Management Difficult ?
 Goals of mobility support in Internet:
–allow a mobile device to move between different subnets
and domains
–preserve an ongoing session between the mobile device
and its counterpart alive while moving
–Ability to provide same service irrespective of network
attachment
 Several protocols and mechanisms have been developed
 Broadly divided into
– Network Layer Mobility
 MIP, CIP, HAWAII, TeleMIP, MIP-LR, MIPV6
– Application Layer Mobility
 SIP based Mobility Management Scheme
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Signaling
Quality of Service
(H.261. MPEG)
MGCP
SIP
RTSP
RSVP
RTCP
DNS
LDAP
Network
TCP
CIP
MIP
PPP
RTP
UDP
MIP variant IPv4, IPv6, IP Multicast ICMP
AAL3/4
AAL5
IGMP
PPP
Kernel
H.323
Media Transport
media encaps
Application Daemon
Multimedia Protocol Stack
Physical
CDMA
SONET
ATM
802.11
Ethernet
V.34
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Service Profile for all IP wireless network
user
Services
Requirements
Delay
Loss/error
Bit rate (outdoor)
Bit rate (indoor)
Example
applications
Multimedia
Voice
Data
Stringent
Tolerant - Stringent
Pedestrian  384 kb/s
Vehicular  144 kb/s
 2 Mb/s
Video streaming, video
conferencing
Stringent
Tolerant
 64 kb/s
Tolerant
Stringent
Pedestrian  384 kb/s
Vehicular  144 kb/s
 2Mb/s
File Transfer (e.g., ftp)
to mobile
 64kb/s
Mobile telephony
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
State of the Art: Related Work
Cellular
IP
Hawaii
 Uses host based routing
 Uses Mobile IP for global mobility.
 For macro-mobility it uses rules similar to HAWAII as far
as border router is concerned.
 It uses two parallel cache system , routing and paging, for
location update.
 Handoff is initiated by the mobile host
 Proposes a 2-layer method for binding protocol. Uses
Mobile IP for global mobility.
 For macro-mobility it assigns the mobile node an address
associated with border router.
 When moving within the foreign domain, MH retains its
care-of-address.
 Base stations are capable of decapsulating packets and
forwarding it to the mobile host.
 Base station also determines whether to redirect the
registration to special routers in the domain or to the HA.
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
State of the Art: Related Work

Tele-MIP
MIP-LR
TeleMIP is an intra-domain mobility solution
– It uses two layers of scoping within a
domain
 Reduce the latency of intra-domain location
updates
 Reduce the frequency of global update
messages
 Reduce the requirement of public addresses
(IPv4)
 HLR can be anywhere (geographically
distributed)
 No tunneling
 If a VLR runs out of COAs temporarily, it
issues its own IP address as COA  tunnels
packets temporarily
 Lazy caching, eager caching and tunneling
from old foreign agent to the new one
 Direct update to CH
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Related Work:
 Simple and scalable global mobility solution.
 Needs support for fast handoff control, real-time location
tracking, authentication and distributed policy
management.
 Its triangular routing may adversely affect performance of
real-time services.
Mobile IP  Registration and configuration are tied with the mobility
architecture.
 There are different proposals for using mobile IP in a SIP
environment.
- SIP based mobility for real-time services and mobile
IP for TCP applications (Wedlund, Schulzrinne).
- SIP for location service and Mobile IP for address
binding (Calhoun, Kempf).
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Qualitative comparison with Mobility
approaches
QUALITATIVE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES
MIP
MIP-RO
MIP-RR
MIP-FF
CIP
HAWAII
MIP-LR
TeleMIP
SIP
Intra-domain
encapsulation
Inter-domain
encapsulation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Changes
to endsystems
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Triangle
routing
Infrastructure
change
Fast
handoff
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Objective
 To develop a mobility management scheme for wireless IP
networks based on SIP signaling scheme
–Support for all types of mobility
–Support global roaming
–Independent of underlying wireless technology
–Support for real-time and non-real-time multimedia
applications (both TCP and UDP/RTP based
applications)
–Inter-work with today’s 1G/2G telephony smoothly
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Technical Issues for SIP Mobility
Functions
Requirements
Hand-off
 Should support cell, subnet (intra-domain) and
domain hand-off.
 Should utilize the soft hand-off feature of CDMA
technology, or virtual hand-off
 Should be wireless “technology independent”.
Registration
 Should be completed in less than a few
seconds.
 Support Hierarchical Registration
Configuration
 Should be done in fractions of a second for
roaming users (e.g., IP address, DNS server.)
Address Binding
 Should allow a user to maintain a universal
identifier regardless of its point of attachment to
the network.
Location Management  Should be up to date, accurate, and confidential.
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP Mobility Advantages
– Easier Interaction with associated standard IETF protocols







DNS, HTTP, LDAP for location management
SLP for service discovery
AAA protocol (e.g.;Diameter) for inter-domain mobility
DHCP/DRCP for IP address configuration
tftp for firware upload
SDP for providing session parameters (e.g., change mid-call parameters)
RTP/UDP for transport, RTSP for stream control application (e.g., IP Telephony, voice mail, streaming)
– Elimination of triangular routing and IP-IP encapsulation associated with
other mobility approaches such as MIP
 Reduces delay
 Saves network overhead
 End hosts should be equipped with SIP-UA
 Suitable for real-time multimedia traffic such as voice over IP and/or video
streaming
– Can be used for RTP/UDP based application as is
– SIP extensions for Non-real-time application
 Complements IPV6 mobility
 Can co-exist with MIP, Cellular IP and other Micro-mobility approaches
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP Mobility Basics
 Supports end-to-end mobility by means of application layer signaling
meant for multi-media/multi-party sessions
 SIP based mobility can also be termed as Application Layer mobility
 More than just hand-off
– supports various types of mobility
– provides flexible services
 Compensate for lack of Mobile IP deployment
 Less reliance on underlying transport network of the ISPs
 Supports application-layer equivalent of Mobile IP registration
 Fast-handoff
 Paging
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Types of Mobility supported by SIP
 Terminal Mobility
– Pre-session mobility (Micro/Macro/Domain)
 pre-session mobility by means of unique URI (ability for a user to
be within reach under the same identifier
while using different terminals)
 use of SIP proxy, redirect, registrar
 Hierarchical registration for faster registration update
 Mid-session mobility
 Move between cells, subnets, domains, supports handoffs
 Real-Time (RTP/UDP)
– SIP Re-invite, RTP SSRC/IP address
– Hierarchical proxy and RTP translator for fast hand-off within a
domain
– Duration limited multicast between subnet handoff
– use of RTSP to control multi-media stream
server
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Mid-session mobility for TCP based application
 Mobility problem with TCP applications
– TCP socket - bound to source and destination address
– One of these addresses change => connection breaks
 TCP applications: ftp, telnet, web
 Application Layer restart and recovery capabilities
– connection: close header into HTTP request
– FTP variants (e.g., bullet-proof ftp)
 Multi-homing feature of SCTP (IETF)
 TCP-Migrate Option
 SIP-eye enabled in the end-hosts - keeps track of the TCP end-points
of SIP
 SIP Mobility Proxy (Columbia U.)
– an interceptor to forward data
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Basics of SIP Mobility
 Personal Mobility
– Use of one logical address to address a single user located at different termina
 One address to many potential terminals
– Many addresses reaching one terminal
– Use of forking Proxy, a user can be reached at any of the devices
 Service Mobility
– Allows users to maintain access to their services while moving or changing devices and
network service providers
– Maintain speed dial list, address books, buddy lists, incoming call handling (e.g, CPL)
– As part of registration message (on a routine basis or upon network change) it conveys
 current network address
 Properties of the device (media supported, call priority etc.)
 Other configuration elements
 Session Mobility
– Allow a user to maintain an on going media session even while changing terminals
– Use of MGCP/Megaco
– Third-party Call control
– Refer Mechanism
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP Mobility - Mobile IP
Home Network
HA
data
1. SIP INVITE
2. 302 client
moved
3. SIP INVITE
4. SIP OK
5. Data
SIP
Server
1
Tunnelled data
Home Network
2
CH
FA
CH
data
3
MN
4
MN
5
SIP Pre-session Mobility
Plain Mobile IP
SIP
Server
SIP
Server
CH
SIP
Server
Home Network
Home Network
2
CH
CH
3
Foreign Network
1. MN moves
4
2. MN re-invites
3. SIP OK
4. Data
Foreign Network
1
moves
MN
moves
MN
MN
MN
SIP Mid-session mobility
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
When both move
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Evaluation Model for SIP and Mobile IP
Callee’s
Home Network
High-speed link
Low-speed link
HA
N hops
MH
MIP
Caller’s
Network
M hops
SIP
P hops
CH
Callee’s
Foreign Network
FA
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
MH
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP-Mobile IP Transport Delay vs. Packet size
SIP/MIP Latency vs. Packet size
100
90
Latency in msec
80
70
MIP-SD
60
SIP-SD
50
MIP-D
40
SIP-D
30
20
10
0
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
Packet Size in bytes
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Bandwidth Efficiency Gain
SIP/MIP bandwidth gain
Bandwidth Efficiency
Gain
0.6
0.5
0.4
SIP b/w efficiency
gain
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Packet size in bytes
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP-Based Mobility
in Military Environment
Stream
Server
LDAP
DNS
Domain 1
Stream
Server
LDAP
DNS
ACN 1
Domain 2
ACN 2
SIP
Server
SIP
Server
5. INVITE Proxy message
4. Invite
1B
Proxying Registration
1A
6. Proxy
DNS
Re-direct
Server
2. Invite
Server
Mobile
Node
3. Client moved
192.4.8.18
Correspondent
Host
On-going Media
Session (RTP)
SIP
Server
Server
1. Register
Pre-session
Move
192.6.10.18
Server
CH moves
DRCP
MN
MN
192.4.8.20
7. Re-invite
192.6.11.20
Mid-session
Move
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP mobility for Appliances
SIP for Appliances
Web
phone
Pocket
PC
LDAP
Store
WML
http
SIP
http
Jini
Controller
OSGi
GW
UPnP
Controller
SIP
Web Browser
& SIP UA
Wide-area wireless v/d
Short-range LAN I/f
Location-sensitive services
Personalized services
Provisioning
System
Location Registries
(User & Location)
Web server
SIP User Agent
Mobile Service Logic
SIP Proxy
SIP Proxy
SIP User Agent
Watcher
Talisman
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP Mobility - Handoff -
3. Send Data to
New Address
2. re-INVITE
BS
BS
Correspondent
Host (CH)
By sending SIP re-INVITE message
from new location, CH starts sending its
voice packet to the new location and
Communication continues seamlessly
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP Mobility - Handoff
Corresponding
Host at
IP0
SIP signaling
Mobile Host at
IP1
RTP
Invite user@domain
SIP UA
IP2
RAT
Contact user@IP2
Mobile Host
-> IP2
SIP signaling
RTP
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP Personal Mobility
Fixed Phone
[email protected]
Hotmail.com
Server
[email protected]
Mobile Phone
[email protected]
Columbia.edu
[email protected]
Host
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Session Mobility
Bob@mobile
Alice@wonderland
RTP
Bob@mobile
200
OK
1. REFER Bob@fixed
Referred-By: B1
5
ACK
SDP(4)
INVITE
from 2
3
4
200
2
6
ACK
1
INVITE
with no SDP
Alice@wonderland
2. INVITE Bob@fixed
Referred-By: B1
Bob@fixed
Session Mobility using Call transfer
Bob@fixed
Third party control
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
From:Alice@NY
(1)
Registration with
local SIP Registrar
Contact: 193.1.1.1
(3)
CA
Registrar
From:Alice@NY
From:Alice@NY
(2)
Contact: Alice%NY@CA
NY
Registrar
(4)
Contact: 193.1.2.3
 Visited Network Registrar needs to map Alice’s URI to a canonical
name
 Only first registration in CA needs to go all the way to NY
 All SIP messages to Alice need to go through SIP server/registrar
for address translation.
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Use of multicast for hierarchical SIP
servers for paging
TTL = 256
searches
SIP server
Forwards
upstream
Callee has moved
here
INVITE with
TTL =256
SIP server
INVITE
Caller
SIP server
INVITE
with wider scope
TTL = 64
INVITE with
multicast addr.
TTL = 1
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
The ITSUMO Network Architecture
Control messages
(i.e..., signaling)
IDCA
Visited Network
Inter-Domain
Control Agent
DCA
DCA
Domain
Control Agent
MS
Home Network
Domain
Control Agent
ERC
BS
ERC
Regional IP
network
Internet
BS
Regional IP
network
IP
BS
Radio Access Network
(RAN)
Wireline IP backbone network
BS
Radio Access Network
(RAN)
MS: Mobile Station
BS: Base Station
ERC: Edge Router & Controller
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Network Signaling and Control Architecture
Inter-Domain Registrar
Signaling:
IDR
Home Network
IDCA
Visiting Network
MAAAQ
SIP Server
Home Registrar
Visiting Registrar
HR
VR
DCA
DCA
SIP
MAAAQ
MAAAQ
SIP Server
3G
Access
SIP
SIP
SIP Server
3G
Access
Regional IP network
Internet
Regional IP network
SIP
3G
Access
MS
3G
Access
Wireline IP backbone network
SIP UA in mobiles and hosts.
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Internet Roaming (RTP Application)
Visiting Registrar
Visiting Network
VR
Home Network
SLA/SA
Home Registrar
AAAQ
MAAAQ
RTP
Translator
HR
SIP Server
SIP Server
SIP
SIP
DRCP
Corresponding Host
IPch
DRCP
ERC 1
ERC 3
Internet
BS
BSC 3
BSC 1
ERC 2
BS
BSC 2
A
128.59.11.6
207.3.232.10
BS
BS
207.3.240.10
D
128.59.10.6
207.3.232.10
B
BS
INVITE
C
• SIP UA in mobiles and hosts.
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Supporting TCP Applications
Visiting Registrar
Visiting Network
VR
Mobility
Proxy
Home Network
MAAAQ
MAAAQ
SIP Server
SIP Server
SIP
SIP
IPch1
Register
HR
DHCP
Home Registrar
Corresponding Host
DHCP
IPch
INFO
128.59.11.6
ERC 1
ERC 3
Internet
Ongoing TCP
Connections
BSC 1
ERC 2
BSC 3
BS
BSC 2
A
INFO
207.3.232.10
BS
BS
207.3.240.10
D
SIP_EYE
128.59.10.6
207.3.232.10
B
BS
INFO
C
• Equip MS with SIP_EYE.
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
ITSUMO test-bed Architecture
tari.toshiba.com
Research.telcordia.com
Backbone
Border Router
Border Router
3600
3600
Media Server
SIP
Server/Call
Agent
Multicast
Proxy
R1
R2
AAA
Server
AAA
Server
BURP
Local
Ad
Server
HA/DRCP
Server
QOS
VLAN Switch
Micro
DRCP
Server
BURP
Local
Server
DRCP
Server
R3
SIP
Server
BURP
Local
Server
DRCP
Server
Local
Server
QOS
QOS
QOS
VLAN Switch
VLAN Switch
SIP UA/Mini_RGW
Macro
SIP
Server/Call
Agent
External
Omni
Antenna
VLAN Switch
External Demo
Domain
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Wireless Internet Telephony Test-bed Protocols
Functionality
Protocols
Details
Signaling
SIP
Set up/tear-down multimedia call
Configuration
DRCP (Dynamic Registration
Configuration Protocol)
Local Authentication
(Intra-domain)
Inter-domain (AAA)
BURP (Basic User Registration
Protocol)
Faster registration protocol for
the wireless roaming users,
variation of DHCP
Takes care of movement within a
domain.
Location Management
SIP based registration scheme
QoS
DSNP
Dynamically allocates the QoS
Binding
SIP based mobility for realtime application
MIP for TCP based application
SIP Eye and Mobility Proxy
Work in progress
Supports audio/video/whiteboard
application as part of mobility
Diameter
When mobile moves between the
domains
SIP-AAA interaction during
domain handoff
Re-registration upon subnet
handoff
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
tari.toshiba.com
Diameter
Server
Home AAA
Home SIP
Server
Local SIP
Server
Research.telcordia.com
Diameter
Server,
visited AAA
Diameter Client
D
R
C
P
Server
1
Backbone
BURP Server
D
R
C
P
Server
Diameter Client
BURP Server
D
R
C
P
Server
Diameter Client
BURP Server
2
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
NGN Application Server Environment
Telcordia™ NGN Application Server
Services
SCE
3rd Party
Application Servers
SIP
Service
Execution
Rapid creation of new services
Web
Server
Softswitch
Gateway
API
SIP
Media
Server
IP
PSTN phone
SIP phone
End-user devices
Customer Self-Service
3rd Party SIP
Application Servers
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
NGN Application Server Architecture
Information
Content Tier
Web Portal
Applications
Application Tier
Location & Presence
Applications
JAIN / Parlay / OSA APIs
(CORBA, Java,XML)
Middle Tier
Enterprise
Applications
ISG APIs
(Java, CORBA, XML)
Open Services
Gateway
Internet Services
Gateway
External
B/OSS and IT
ISG APIs
Backend
Infrastructure
Open IDL
Interface
(CORBA)
SCE
Service Enabling Tier
Java
Java
Services
Media
Server
SIP
LDAP, DIAMETER,MGCP
IP Service Network
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Initial/Example SIP-Based Voice Services
 Call Distribution / TOD routing
 Unattended transfer
 Call forward unconditional
 Call forward on Busy
 Call forward on No Answer
 Single line extension
 Find-me
 Call screening
 Simultaneous ringing
 Secondary number – In/Out
 Do not disturb
 Call waiting
 Call Hold
 Consultation hold
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Issues & Discussion
 SIP can partially replace or complement existing
mobility solutions
 Survivability under dynamic network condition
–When SIP server/proxy dies
 Registration with Local registrar vs. home registrar
 Both the end hosts moving
 SIP for Adhoc networking
 Fast handoff mechanism
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Q/A
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
References
 www.research.telcordia.com/sip-mobile
 Application Layer Mobility Using SIP, MC2R
Henning Schulzrinne, Elin Wedlund
 Application Layer Mobility Management Scheme for Wireless
Internet, 3G Wireless Conference
Dutta,Vakil, Baba, Chen,Tauil, Schulzrinne
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
SIP Mobility Demo for real-time audio
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
ITSUMO Outdoor Experiment
Morristown, NJ, U.S.A.
TARI & Telcordia
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
ITSUMO Outdoor Experiment
Purpose: Under the quasi-real environment
-Mobility Test
-Total system feasibility check
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
ITSUMO Outdoor Experiment
Base Station
-Emulating cdma2000 by using WaveLAN
-Mobility test by using the eight radio cells
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
ITSUMO Outdoor Experiment
Driving route
300 m
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
ITSUMO Outdoor Experiment
Driving Experiment
-Evaluation of the IP mobility
in terms of Micro, Macro and Global Mobility
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Mobile IP
 Mechanism developed for the network layer to support
mobility
 Originally intended for travelers with laptops over wired
networks
 Later adopted by the wireless community
 Maintains active TCP connections and UDP port
bindings
 A mobile host is associated with a fixed IP address
(home IP address)
 When a mobile host connects to a different network
other than the one its IP address belongs, the home
network forwards packets to it
 A router (home agent) on the user’s home network
delivers the packets to the mobile host
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Mobile IP
Foreign Network
Mobile
Host
Correspondent
Host
Foreign
Agent
Home
Agent
Home Network
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Optimizations and Extensions to Base Mobile IP
 Triangular routing causes additional delays and wastes bandwidth
 If the correspondent host knows where the mobile host is, it can send
packets directly to the care-of address of the mobile host
 Route optimization:
– binding updates sent from a home agent upon request, or
– sent upon receiving a warning from a foreign agent if the mobile host
changes location during a communication session
 Smooth handoff:
– former foreign agent will keep forwarding packets to the new one
until the correspondent host updates its mobility binding cache
 Theoretically triangular routing avoided, but correspondent host must
be able to encapsulate packets - not possible without changing the
operating system of the correspondent host
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Optimizations and Extensions to Base Mobile
IP (contd.)
 Firewalls reject to forward packets coming from topologically
incorrect addresses (host’s IP address does not match the network
 Reverse tunneling: all packets from a mobile host go through the
home agent
– triangular routing again !
 A mobile host registers with home agent each time it changes careof address  signaling delay for long distances
 Regional registration: locally register within a visited domain
– hierarchical structure of foreign agents
– local foreign agents under a gateway foreign agent (GFA)
– home agent registers the GFA’s address as the care-of address
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Optimizations and Extensions to Base Mobile
IP (contd.)
 Network Assisted, Mobile and Network Controlled (NAMONC)
handoff:
– Faster handoff for real-time applications
– Network informs mobile host that a layer 2 handoff is anticipated
– Uses simultaneous bindings (multiple registrations at a time),
sends multiple copies of the traffic to potential movement
locations
 Network Initiated, Mobile Terminated (NIMOT) handoff:
– Foreign agents use layer 2 triggers to initiate a pre-registration
prior to receiving a formal registration request from the mobile
host
 Both methods assume considerable involvement of information
from layer 2
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Limitations and Inefficiencies of Mobile IP
 Encapsulation of packets adds between 8 or 12 bytes
and 20 bytes of overhead
 Although triangular routing is avoided with route
optimization, with reverse tunneling it becomes a fact
again
 With route optimization, changes are necessary in the
operating systems of the correspondent hosts
 With regional registration, reliability an important issue
(failure of a GFA will bring the whole hierarchy down)
 Processing time needed to encapsulate and
decapsulate packets each time they traverse a home
agent/foreign agent is not negligible especially for realtime sessions
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Cellular IP (Columbia University, Ericsson)
Home
Agent
Internet
(with Mobile IP)
Correspondent
Host
Gateway
BS
BS
BS
BS
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Cellular IP
 Base stations snoop actual data packets from mobile hosts to gateway to
cache the path taken by them
 To route packets from the gateway to the mobile host, base stations use
the reverse of this path
 Hosts that have not transmitted packets for a while are removed from the
routing cache of the base stations
 Idle hosts send infrequent paging-update packets to the gateway
– coarsely maintaining the position of idle hosts (passive connectivity)
 Active hosts’ exact locations are known
 If an active mobile host moves to another base station during a call
– it sends a route-update packet back to the gateway
– new base station(s) record this path accordingly
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
HAWAII (Bell Labs)
Domain 2
Internet
Domain 1
Domain Root
Router
Domain Root
Router
R
R
R
R
R
BS
R
BS
R
R
R
BS
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
HAWAII
 The path (route) between the mobile host and the domain root router is
specific to that host
– established (during power-up) and updated (during movement) for that
mobile host in the domain root router and intermediate routers
 This information is refreshed periodically by the mobile host
 Different path setup schemes possible to re-establish path states during
handoff
– forward packets from the old base station to the new base station for a
short period (until the relevant routers update their entries for the
specific host)
– do not forward packets; either bi-cast them to two base stations or
unicast them for hosts that can simultaneously listen to two base
stations.
 HAWAII requires all routers in a domain to be augmented with mobility
support so that they are able to handle host-specific path setup
messages
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
TeleMIP (Telcordia)
 TeleMIP is an intra-domain mobility solution
– It uses two layers of scoping within a domain
 Reduce the latency of intra-domain location updates by
specifying an intra-domain termination point (Mobility Agent or
MA).
– Intra-domain updates only up to the MA, which provides a
globally valid COA to mobile host.
 Reduce the frequency of global update messages
– Since the MA is located at a higher hierarchy than that of
subnets, global updates (to HA, CHs etc.) only occur for interdomain mobility.
 Reduce the requirement of public addresses (IPv4)
– By promoting a two-level addressing scheme, it promotes the
use of private (locally-scoped) addresses for handling intradomain mobility.
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
TeleMIP’s Architecture Layout
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Mobile IP with Location Registers (MIP-LR)
(Telcordia, US Army)
Home Network: a.b.c
HLR
2: Query
3: COA
Foreign Network: j.k.l
CH
4: Binding
cache (COA)
5:Un-Encapsulated
data packets sent
directly to COA
VLR
1: Registration:
COA=j.k.l.m
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
Mobile Host:
a.b.c.d
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
MIP-LR
 HLR can be anywhere (geographically distributed)
 No tunneling
 After a mobile host moves:
– if it was registered at some other foreign VLR, the new VLR
deregisters it at the old VLR.
 If a VLR runs out of COAs temporarily, it issues its own IP address
as COA  tunnels packets temporarily
 After a mobile host moves:
– correspondent host will have an outdated mobility binding
– a mechanism is required to update the cache on the
correspondent host:
 Lazy caching, eager caching and tunneling from old foreign
agent to the new one
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
DHCP Enhancements for Mobile Wireless
 Requirement:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Rapid client configuration(milliseconds rather than seconds)
Automatic client reconfiguration (independent of lease time)
Efficient use of scarce wireless bandwidth
Allowing clients to be routers
Enhanced registration (e.g., user identification and security)
Flexible proxies that can act both as relay/server
Message exchange without broadcast
How to achieve:
– Shrink message size
– Minimize messages in transactions
– Minimize use of broadcast
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
DHCP
DRCP
Server
Client
DISCOVER
Client
Server
DRCP ADVERTISEMENT(?)
DRCPDISCOVER
OFFER
REQUEST
DRCPOFFER
ACK
DRCPACCEPT
ARP CHECK
15 Sec.
ARP REPLY
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
DRCP Message Flow
Server
Client
ADVERTISEMENT
Client
Server
REQUEST/RELEASE
DISCOVER
ACK
OFFER
ACCEPT/DECLINE
Time axis
Client moves to a new Domain
Extending the lease
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Message Size (in bytes)
DRCP vs DHCP Messages
250
200
150
100
50
0
DHCP
DRCP
 DHCP - 236 bytes
 DRCP - 16 bytes
 93.2 % improvement
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
QoS scheme for the Mobile Testbed
CH(Correspondent Host)
Packet shaping for Real-Time
Traffic (with pre-reservation)
QLN
QGS
QLN
QLN
802.11b
802.11b
802.11b
Initial SLS
negotiation
Handoff(1)
Handoff(4)
Handoff(3)
Handoff(2)
MS
w/Mobile IP
SLS change
*ITSUMO: Internet Technologies Supporting Universal Mobile Operation
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
AAA Functional Model
Local Domain
AAAF
Home Domain
AAAH
A
C
AAAH: Home AAA Server
AAAF: Foreign AAA Server
A: Attendant(MIP FA, SIP server, …)
C: Client
Pre-established SA
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Re-registration (SIP)
03/10/2001 09:52:40:236188
03/10/2001 09:52:40:237866
Sent to: 207.3.232.90:5060
Sent to: 207.3.232.90:5060
REGISTER sip:research.telcordia.com SIP/2.0
REGISTER sip:research.telcordia.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.1.1.130:5060
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.1.1.130:5060
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
Expires: 0
Expires: 3600
Contact: sip:[email protected]:5060;
Contact: sip:[email protected]:5060;q=0.00
expires="Sat, 10 Mar 2001 15:41:48 GMT"; a
From: sip:[email protected]
ction=proxy; q=0.00
Authorization: Basic bWlyaWFtOkJvb3N0ZXJzAPAY
From: sip:[email protected]
Call-ID: [email protected]
Authorization: Basic bWlyaWFtOkJvb3N0ZXJzAMDwDate: Sat, 10 Mar 2001 14:52:40 GMT
Call-ID: [email protected]
To: sip:[email protected]
Date: Sat, 10 Mar 2001 14:52:40 GMT
Content-Length: 0
To: sip:[email protected]
Content-Length: 0
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Sample INVITE and Re-Invite
INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.1.4.131:5060
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: sip:[email protected]:5060
Expires: 3600
From: sip:dutta@dutta-lt4
Call-ID: [email protected]
Content-Type: application/sdp
Priority: normal
Date: Fri, 09 Mar 2001 02:25:39 GMT
To: sip:[email protected]
Content-Length: 121
v=0
o=dutta 482467205023 984104739 IN IP4 10.1.4.131
s=Untitled
c=IN IP4 10.1.4.131
t=0 0
m=audio 10000 RTP/AVP 0
03/08/2001 21:27:56:924728
Sent to: 10.1.4.51:5060
INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.1.1.130:5060
Contact: sip:[email protected]:5060
CSeq: 2 INVITE
From: sip:dutta@dutta-lt4
Content-Type: application/sdp
Date: Fri, 09 Mar 2001 02:27:56 GMT
Call-ID: [email protected]
To: sip:[email protected]; tag=388643458667.10.1.4.51
Content-Length: 121
v=0
o=dutta 661157196696 984104876 IN IP4 10.1.1.130
s=Untitled
c=IN IP4 10.1.1.130
t=0 0
m=audio 10000 RTP/AVP 0
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001
Performance snapshot in 802.11
Environment
 INVITE - 455 bytes
100 msec processing time between
msgs (OS dependent)
 Ringing - 223 bytes
5 msec for Invite to traverse
 OK - 381 bytes
70 msec for Re-Invite to traverse
(mostly queuing delays)
 ACK - 261 bytes
150 msec for complete re-registration
 Bye - 150 bytes
100 msec for address acquisition
 De-Register - 370 bytes
 Re-Invite - 450 bytes
 Re-register - 425 bytes
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Internal use only. See proprietary restrictions on title page.
SIP-CONF-PULVER-2001