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Ambient Networks: Mobile Communication
Beyond 3G
Guest lecture in the course Distributed Systems
Uppsala University
2006-12-05
Anders Gunnar
Swedish Institute of Computer Science
[email protected]
WWI – Ambient Networks
The Network Vision
Services and
Applications
New air
interface
Download channel
Return channel
DAB
DVB
:
IP based core network
Networked services
cellular
GSM
WLAN
IMT-2000
UMTS
Edge networks
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Wireline
xDSL
Bluetooth, IR,
UWB, Mesh
Sensor, M2M, Dust
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Ambient Networks Strategic
Objectives
 Scalable & Affordable networking supporting the
dynamics of wireless access
 Provide rich & easy to use communication services
for all in a cost effective manner
 Increase competition and dynamic cooperation of
various players
 Allow incremental market introduction of new
technologies
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Network Challenges in the
Wireless World
 Heterogeneity
 Terminal =========== PANs
 Vertical
=========== Horizontal layering
 Network intelligence ==Edge
 Cellular vs. IP
 Multi-service, - operator, - access
 Affordability
 User in the centre
 Trust Model
 Always connected
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Outline
The Ambient Networks Concept
Components of the Architecture
Technical Solutions
• Node ID Architecture
Project organisation
• Project Partners
• Timeline
• Organisation
Summary
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The Ambient Networks Concept
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Requirements posed on the
AN Architecture
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Heterogeneous Networks
Mobility
Composition
Security and Privacy
Backward Compatibility and Migration
Network Robustness and Fault Tolerance
Quality of Service
Multi-Domain Support
Accountability
Context Communications
Extensibility of the Network Services Provided
Application Innovation and Usability
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The Ambient Networks Idea
Ambient Networks:
- Common Control Services
- Networks at the edge
- Auto-configuration
- Scalability
Services
Services
Services
Ambient Control Space
Ambient Connectivity
Corporate
Fixed
WLAN
4G
LTE
3G
PAN
VAN
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The Ambient Control Space
Ambient
Service
Interface
Ambient Control Space
Ambient
Network
Interface
Context
Information
Advanced
Mobility
Management
Ambient
Connectivity
Agreement
Establishment
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Multi-Radio
Resource
Management
Overlay
Ambient Support
Resource Layer
Interface
P2P
Management
Ambient
Network
Interface
Security
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Framework Functions
 Concurrently operating functions communicate through
messages
 Logically centralized registry
for information aggregation
and dissemination
 Conflict
resolution
and consistency
maintenance
WWI – Ambient Networks
Ambient
Service
Interface
Context
Information
Ambient
Network
Interface
Routing
Group
Information
Resource
Conflict
Ambient
Registry
Resolution
Connectivity
Agreement
Establishment
Message
Passing
Ambient
Resource
Interface
Traffic
Engineering
Multi-Radio
Resource
Management
Overlay
Support
Layer
Naming
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Realisation Architecture
of the Ambient Control Space
Ambient Applications
ASI
Bearer & Overlay
Management
Comp.
Agreem.
--------Policy
& AAA
To other ANs
CIB
-----------Resource
Registry
Composition
Management
ANI
Flow Management
& MRRM
INQA & SLA
Management
Composition Agreement Negotiation
Triggers /
Advertisements
configure Onode
Mobility
Management
Active Sets
Composition Coordination
Network
Management
Trigger & Context
Management
Security domain
Management
Connectivity Mgmt
Generic Link Layer
ARI
Ambient Connectivity
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Composition
Concepts
 A network composition is the negotiation and the
realization of a cooperation agreement among
diverse Ambient Networks.
 Composed Ambient Networks cooperate, and appear
as a single Ambient Network to the outside.
 The composition procedure is typically plug&play.
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Composition Networking
Example 1
Ambient Networks composing to
form an ad-hoc AN scenario, flat
composition
PAN
PAN
PAN
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Composition Networking
Example 2
PANs compose with a moving
network which provides
connectivity to a cellular
network
Cell.
Train
PAN
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PAN
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Composition Networking
Example 3
Customers can roam into
networks where operators have
made no agreements before
Op 1
PAN
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Op 2
PAN
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AN bootstrapping
Ambient Network Node (ANN)
• Embodies one or more Functional Entities of the ACS
• It is required to implement a basic ACS, which encompasses a basic set of
Functional Entities including plug&play management, basic security
(incl. ID management), and continuous connectivity
• Exposes a basic ANI to allow communication inside the cluster of ANNs
Bootstrapping
Ambient Network (AN)
• Embodies all mandatory Functional Entities of the ACS (a minimum ACS)
• “Composition” is a mandatory Functional Entity, which also contains the
necessary AN-ID used to identify the legal entities in a Composition Agreement
• Exposes a minimum ANI
• An AN is required to implement a minimum ACS and a minimum ANI, but not
limited to it
Composition
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Bootstrapping/Composition
Composed AN
AN
AN
ID
ANN
ANN
ANN
ID
ANN
ID
ANN
ANN
ANN
Basic ANI Basic ANI
ID
ANN
ANI
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Composition
Processes and Procedures
 The process of Ambient Network Composition can be applied
recursively.
 Composed network may compose again.
 An Ambient Networks may take part multiple different composed
networks concurrently.
 Three basic phases
 Attachment
 Agreement negotiation
 Agreement implementation and maintenance
 Procedures of composition identified so far:
 Composition creation/ extension
 Composition Agreement modification
 Decomposition
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The Node ID Architecture
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Goals for the
Node ID Architecture
 Working across heterogeneous domains
 Treat dynamic changes in a scalable manner
 A consistent architecture
 Make technologies, address domains and
middleboxes first-order components of the
architecture
 Support privacy, denial-of-service protection, and an
always-on security model
 Strong incentives for migration and deployment
 Significant benefits for adopters even during partial
deployment
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Node ID Architecture Overview
Applications
Transport
OLD
Old assumptions:
IP
•Point-point connectivity
•Trusted environment
•No mobility
•No multi-homing
•Best effort
L2
L1
Applications
Transport
New assumptions:
NEW
Node
ID
IPvX/L3
•Multi-point connectivity
•Untrusted environment
•Mobility
•Multi-homing
•QoS
L2
L1
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Node ID Arcitecture Details
The key design elements of the node ID
architecture are
 Independent LDs
 Reliance on self-managed, cryptographic NIDs
 Hybrid routing (locator+NID)
 Router referrals to avoid a single administration
 NID-based e2e security, privacy, and DoSprotection
 Integrated local, e2e and network mobility
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Security
 Initial handshake (~ HIP) provides an always-on
security model; subsequent packets are protected
 The handshake also has basic DoS protection
 Additionally, nodes can manage their NIDs and NID
routers in a Hi3-like manner to provide networkbased DoS protection
 NIDs can be changed on the fly for privacy reasons,
and NID routers provide location privacy
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Assumption 1
The network consists of individual Locator
Domains (LDs)
 LD is one routing domain using (a) the same
locator namespace and (b) consistent routing
system
 Within an LD nodes can freely communicate,
without relying on external mechanisms
For simplicity think of AN=LD
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Assumption 2
Connectivity between LDs is dynamic
 Routing changes, multi-homing or mobility events
of nodes or networks
We assume that there exists a stable core and
mobility occurs at the edge
Core network
LD5
LD2
LD6
LD7
LD8
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LD1
LD10
LD9
LD3
LD11
LD12
LD4
LD13
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Assumption 3
No distinction between hosts and routers
 Traditional hosts can become routers, such as
when a phone becomes the router for a PAN
attached to the phone
 Servers that act as forwarding agents for mobility
purposes
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Hybrid Routing
 We have routing on the LD internally (e.g. OSPF) as
well as routing on NIDs by the NID routers
 This allows us to benefit from internal routing and
scales better
 Still, handling NID routing in a completely free form
topology would be challenging
 As a result, we assume a core and default routes up;
a tree-like structure emerges
 Different routing problems in (a) edge trees (b) core
Use a routing hint to reduce routing state:
 A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node ID
is known!?
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The Routing Hint
A hint to somewhere where the location of a
Node ID is known!?
IPv4 Header
Destination = NR3
Node ID Header
Destination NID = A
Destination NR = NR4
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ESP Payload
...
...
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Establishing connectivity
DNS/Naming Resolution X
•A.LD1.com
Lookup (default path)
•NID_A
•NID_NR3
CN
Core NID router lookup service (DHT, table…)
NR 3
NR 1
LD 3
NR 4
LD 4
NR 6
LD 6
B
LD 1
NR 2
NR 5
LD 2
LD 5
A
The Node ID architecture so far
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Mobility and
Multi-homing
Integrates local mobility, end-to-end mobility,
and network mobility
Even makes network-based multi-homing
possible
(a)
(b)
B
A
A
(c)
B
A
A
A
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B
A
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Routing Enhancements
Route on LD_ID’s instead of NID’s
Enable use of multiple paths to core
 Capability aware routing
 Registration vs new routing protocol
Disconnected operation
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Project Organisation
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Project Partners
Ericsson
KTH
SICS
TeliaSonera
Elisa
Ericsson
Nokia
VTT
Telenor
BT
Lucent
NEC
Roke Manor Research
UCL
Univ. of Surrey
Vodafone
Univ.of Ottawa
Concordia Univ.
TNO
AGH University
Siemens ANF Data
France Telecom
Nortel
Critical Software
INESC Porto
Telefonica
Univ. of Cantabria
Alcatel
DaimlerChrysler
DoCoMo Eurolab
Ericsson
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Lucent
RWTH Aachen University
Siemens
TU Berlin
Budapest University
Ericsson
Siemens Austria
CFR
Siemens Mobile
Vodafone
Greece
NICTA
Univ.of South Wales
Financed by the European Commission (50%)
Budget: 20 000 000 EURO
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Timeline of the Project
Phase
Phase 1 1
Phase
Phase 2 2
Phase
Phase 33
Work-Areas
Establishing the
Establishing
the
AmbientNetworks
Ambient
Networks
Concept and
Concept
andits
its
Feasibility
Feasibility
I: Concepts
and
Architecture
Concepts &
Architecture Design
Architecture:
Scalability, Evolvability
Feasibility,
Functions of AN
Control Space
Detailed Specification,
Technical Development,
Performance
Optimisation for
Performance
and Deployment
Business Interfaces
Market Dissemination
II: Key
Technical
Problems
III: Business
Interfaces and
Commercial
Viability
IV:
Prototyping
and Validation
Business Feasibility
Usability/Networks
Test Cases
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Technology
Technology
Development
Development
Usability/Networks
Prototypes
System Synthesis
System
Synthesis
Architecture,
Standards
Integration across
WWI,
Validation,
Market
Dissemination
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Structure of Work in Phase 2
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Summary
AN project provides a new networking concept
AN Highlights
 Composition
 Modular ACS
 ASI, ANI, ARI
Phase 2 will provide a comprehensive A N
prototype
This talk is available at :
http://www.sics.se/~aeg/talks/uppsala061205.ppt
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Further Reading
Project web page:
http://www.ambient-networks.org
Deliverable:
D 1.5 AN Framework Architecture
Paper:
"A Node Identity Internetworking Architecture",
Bengt Ahlgren, Jari Arkko, Lars Eggert and Jarno
Rajahalme. 9th IEEE Global Internet Symposium ,
Barcelona, Spain, April 28-29, 2006.
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Master thesis project
www.sics.se/cna/exjobb.html
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Thank you for your attention!!!
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