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Mobility Initiative
Strategy for NSSTG
Status Checkpoint
8 Jan 2009 – updated
Tim McSweeney
EDCS-730562
Presentation_ID
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
1
Goal and Agenda
 Meeting Goal
Solicit your feedback and participation to identify projects
where NSSTG can best support Cisco’s Mobility Initiative
over the next 6-12-18-24 months
Timeline: Crisply defined “project package” (aka “solution”)
proposals for 2009 by 20 Jan
 Agenda
Mobile Wireless Networking Landscape
Level-set on technology & market outlook
Strawman Strategy for NSSTG
Next Steps
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© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
2
The Mobile Internet
Mobile Wireless
Networking
Landscape
Presentation_ID
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
3
Mobile Wireless Networking Landscape
Technology/Initiative Scope
User Devices/CPE
Mobile
Subscriber
Backhaul &
Aggregation
Access
Core
Enterprise
Edge
Enterprise
DC / App.
3G / LTE
Enterprise
mobile
workforce
IP-RAN
Security
Carrier
Ethernet
Policy
Security
WiMAX
Femtocell
Wireless
broadband
access for
home/branch
City Mesh
Hotspot
Mobile Email
Policy
MPLS
Satellite
Vehicle networking
IP
F/R
ATM
T1
Internet
Traffic /
Service
control
Traffic /
Service
control
Mobile Internet
Si
Unified
communication
Mobile Video:
Video
surveillance;
Digital Signage
Field Service
Dispatch, mug
shot, criminal
record lookup
Mobile VPN
Wireless sensor
Campus,
service field
WIFi networking
Presentation_ID
WLAN
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Campus
Ethernet
Switch
Cisco Confidential
Automotive
Telemetric
RFID, etc.
4
Mobile Wireless Networking
Landscape
User Devices/CPE
Mobile
Subscriber
Backhaul &
Aggregation
Access
SP Focus
Core
Enterprise
Edge
Enterprise
DC / App.
3G / LTE
Enterprise
mobile
workforce
IP-RAN
Security
Carrier
Ethernet
Policy
Security
WiMAX
Femtocell
Wireless
broadband
access for
home/branch
City Mesh
Hotspot
Mobile Email
Policy
MPLS
Satellite
Vehicle networking
IP
F/R
ATM
T1
Traffic /
Service
control
Internet
Traffic /
Service
control
Mobile Internet
Si
Unified
communication
Mobile Video:
Video
surveillance;
Digital Signage
Field Service
Dispatch, mug
shot, criminal
record lookup
Mobile VPN
Wireless sensor
Campus,
service field
WIFi networking
WLAN
Campus
Ethernet
Switch
Automotive
Telemetric
RFID, etc.
Enterprise Markets
Presentation_ID
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Cisco Confidential
5
Wireless System Evolution: Radio Standards
2G
2G
GSM/
UMTS
(3GPP)
2.5G
3G
4G
2.75G
3G
3.5G
3.75G
UMTS /
HSPA
HSPA
EDGE
W-CDMA
GSM GPRS
HSDPA
HSPA+
EGPRS
HSUPA
TD-SCDMA*
WiMAX
Forum
LTE
WiMAX
Moving:
384 Kbits/s
Fixed:
1.8 Mbits/s
cdma
(3GPP2) One
Downlink
up to
14.4 Mbit/s
Downlink:
up to
42 Mbit/s
Uplink up to
5.76 Mbit/s
Uplink up to
22 Mbit/s
CDMA
2000
CDMA
2000
CDMA
2000
CDMA
2000
(1xRTT)
(1xEV-DO)
(EV-DO
Rev A)
(EV-DO
Rev B)
* TD-SCDMA: Preferred standard in
China & by China Mobile (CMCC)
Source: Wikipedia, 2009-01 –
3G, 4G, HPSA, WiMAX
Presentation_ID
4G
IEEE 802.16
Speeds
CDMA
Pre-4G
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Up to
75 Mbits/s
symmetric
broadband
Moving:
100
Mbits/s
Fixed:
1 Gbits/s
UMB
cancelled
2G

3G
Europe
GSM
GPRS
UMTS
North America
TDMA
EDGE
UMTS
n/a
n/a
UMTS; CDMA2000
Migration Paths
Japan
Cisco Confidential
6
Business Case / Market Analysis – 4G:
LTE Will Surpass WiMAX by 2012
 “(Beginning) in 2008,
WiMAX is the first nextgeneration technology
to be productized and
reach the market…
… however we do not
believe that WiMAX will
ultimately emerge as the
dominant nextgeneration technology”
 “Instead, we believe the
LTE market will become
the dominant nextgeneration technology…
[by 2012]”
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access; IEEE 802.16; (4G)
Source: Dell’Oro Group, Mobility Report, Five Year Forecast, July 2008
Presentation_ID
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Cisco Confidential
LTE: Long Term Evolution; 3GPP; (4G)
7
Business Case/ Market Analysis:
Mobility Subscriptions  5.4B in 2012
 “We forecast that
worldwide mobility
subscriptions will
grow to 5.4B in 2012,
for a penetration rate
of 72%, as compared
to just 41% in 2007
(Figure 3).”
World Population: 6,706,993,152
(July 2008 est.), according to
www.cia.gov/library/publications/
the-world-factbook/print/xx.html
Source: Dell’Oro Group, Mobility Report, Five Year Forecast, July 2008
Presentation_ID
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8
Mobile Internet: 100-fold Traffic Growth
by 2013-2015
 Data demand driving traffic growth
Growth in traffic compared to
2007 Data Traffic
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Source: Mark Grayson, NG Mobile Networks: architectural transformation and evolution toward IP, Networkers, 2009-01;
Rysavy Research, EDGE, HSPA, LTE - Broadband Innovation, 2008-09, pdf, 104 pp., ref p. 12.
Presentation_ID
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9
Worldwide Mobile Backhaul Market Size and
Forecast
Pseudowire & Non-Pseudowire
Pseudowire Backhaul
Equipment Revenue
$M
CY09
CY09 %
CY10
CY11
CY11 %
Pseudowire
$1,254
52%
$3,164
$5,645
82%
Non-Pseudowire
$1,160
48%
$1,422
$1,247
18%
Total
$2,414
100%
$4,586
$6,892
100%
Source: Infonetics Research, Inc., Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base, and Services, April 21, 2008
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10
Worldwide Mobile Backhaul Equipment
Revenue by Technology
 Dramatically increasing mobile connections drive
demand for Ethernet copper/fiber and Ethernet
microwave equipment
Source: Infonetics Research, Inc., Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base, and Services, April 21, 2008
Presentation_ID
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Cisco Confidential
11
Vision: In 2012 . . .
 Ericsson: 50 percent of all laptops will include a built-in mobile
broadband module
Over 1.5 billion [laptop] users will have mobile broadband access
HSPA (“3.5G”): Downlink up to 7.2 Mbps; Uplink up to 2 Mbps
 One of 3 OSs will run most mobile handsets
Android + Symbian; Windows Mobile; iPhone OS
 In 2012 many mobile networks will have a mixture of wireless
technologies
2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 3.5G, 3.75G, pre-4G, 4G
2012 may see first 2G (GSM) networks being decommissioned
 Many more users . . . and different kinds of “Users”
Networked vehicles will be common
• Public Safety (Police, Fire, Ambulance)
• Utility Services (Electricity, Gas, Water)
• Transport (Taxi, Bus, Trucks, Rail, Air, Ferry) • Automobiles (“10 IP addresses per car ”)




Connection persistency across media types will emerge
“Cloud Computing” services will be common and advancing
Ad Hoc Networking directly among “Users” may emerge
SP’s networks will still not provide inter-network mobility
Clients will not have seamless inter-SP mobility
Presentation_ID
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12
Why No Uptake of Mobile IP?
 No market uptake of Mobile IP solution
Standards-based Mobile IP in T train for ~10
years
 Works great on ARTG Cisco 3200
Series Mobile Access Router (MAR)
 SMBU uses Mobile IP for Cisco Mobile
Wireless Router (MWR)
Models: MWR-1941, MWR-2941
Mobile IP in MR train lags behind
most current content in T train
Cisco 3200 Series
Mobile Access Router
Cisco MWR-2941-DC
Mobile Wireless Router
FCS: February 16, 2009
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13
Mobility Strategy
for NSSTG
STRAWMAN DRAFT
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14
The Main Plays in Mobility
Potential NSSTG Project Areas
User Devices/CPE
Mobile Network
Radio Equipment
Legend:
Red – Actionable
Blue – No action
Radio Access Network
Traffic Backhaul
Mobile
Subscribers
Security
Enterprise
mobile
workforce
RNC
Vehicle networking
Packet
Switched
Network
IP/MPLS
Mobile Backhaul
Node B
Radio Vendors:
Mobile IP
Mobile
Communications
Management
Session Continuity
/App Persistence
Presentation_ID
Enterprise Edge,
Enterprise Apps
Ericsson, Nokia
Siemens, Huawei,
Hitachi, …
Cisco WNBU
WiMAX (Navini)
Wi-Fi / 802.11
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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High Availability
Quality of Service
Clocking
Subscriber
Management
Identity
Policy
Si
Traffic /
Service
Control
Data
Center
& Apps
Connection
Management
Session Continuity
/App Persistence
SP Infrastructure
relationship with
CPE
15
Mobile RAN Services Architecture
Tactical: 1 and 2 & Strategic: 3 and 4
ATM VC, TDM (SATOP, CESoPSN)
1
ATM or TDM
E1 (w/ IMA)
BSC
ATM RNC
UMTS ATM Node B, GSM BTS
2
S-PE, MS-PW
ATM or TDM
BSC
ATM RNC
The BTS model may be overlaid on 3 for
tactical sales reasons
Static or IGP Overlay on an
MST/REP and not protected Ethernet Access Network
Ethernet 100/1000/10G
3
Ethernet
MPLS/IP, MPLS VPN
for LTE IP RAN and UMTS IP RAN
REP
S-PE, MS-PW
Ethernet
4
Ethernet RNC
This model assumes GSM TDM
infrastructure is used until GSM radio
moved to UMTS or LTE
May coexist with 1 and integrate 2
Ethernet RNC
This model may integrate GSM TDM
Requires Kytes and CSR 3.1 thus not 1.6
MPLS/IP, MPLS VPN
UMTS IP Node B, LTE eNode B
Efficient Access
Mobile RAN Edge
Large Scale Aggregation
Multiservice Core
ATM, TDM, Ethernet
MPLS enabled Cell Site
NNII
ATM or TDM or Ethernet NNII
Aggregation Node
ATM, TDM, Ethernet Cell Site
2G/3G Cell Site
Presentation_ID
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Distribution Node
RNC or BSC
MPLS
MPLS / IPoDWDM
Cisco Confidential
Source: C Lewis, H Miclea, SPSU, 11/2008
16
Mobile Backhaul Assumptions
 Mobile wireless data traffic is expected to increase dramatically
from 2009 through 2012
 Mobile Radio Network capacity will increase dramatically
(Fundamental assumption. Will subscribers really demand that much?)
 Mobile Backhaul requirements therefore will increase dramatically
 The huge growth in data traffic will be served by next generation
radio equipment
Existing 2G infrastructure will be leveraged for voice traffic
New 3G & 4G infrastructure will focus on data traffic initially
 There will be a mix of radio technologies
 Must support backhaul for both existing (ATM & TDM) and new
(Ethernet) connection types
 Mobile services will require extremely high levels of availability and
performance
 High Availability, QoS, Event Monitoring and more will be required
 End-to-End Layer 2 Service Resiliency
 We don’t care which radio technology is used
Backhaul requirements will be the same for 2G, 3G, 4G standards
Presentation_ID
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17
RAN Transport Business Development
George Manuelian & Team
 Focus accounts
1. AT&T Wireless – USA
2. América Móvil
– Telcel – Mexico
– Puerto Rico Telephone
– Claro – Argentina & Brasil
3. China Mobile Comm. Corp. (CMCC)
4. Vodafone
Owns % VzW, % CMCC, & others
5. DT & T-Mobile
 Replacing Transport Networks
(SONET, TDM, ATM)
 Drivers
– 3G phones (iPhone, etc.): Fast growing
bandwidth demand
– 3G Node Bs (eNode B): LTE & WiMAX
 Clocking Needs
– IEEE 1588 v2
– Synchronous Ethernet (ITU)
– Clocking NMS: MIBs for network clock
quality monitoring
Source:
George
Manuelian, 2008-12-22;
2009-01-06
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Clocking Need Characteristics
“Not-So-Tight”
3G
“3.5G”
UMTS
HSPA:
CDMA
HSDPA
TCDMA
HSUPA
ATM / TDM
Node B
US-based operators
GSM, CDMA, TCDMA
GPS with 1588 v2
sufficient
TDM clock –
secondary
Tight
4G
WiMAX
LTE
Ethernet
Node B
China & Europe
operators
LTE & WiMAX
SyncE – primary
1588 v2 –
secondary
GPS available everywhere but drawbacks
 Extra cost & space for antennas at cell sites
 Dependency on US-controlled system
18
RAN Transport / Mobile Backhaul
Existing projects/project requirements






VCCV on MS-PWs
HS-PW
Multiple Backup PWs
Inter-Chassis Signaling
BFD-VCCV
BFD Client for LDP
 Access Circuit Redundancy
(ACR)
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(end-to-end OAM on MS-PWs)
(backup PW provisioning)
(>1 backup path)
(enable backup recovery via another chassis)
(much faster fault detection)
(greater scalability)
(resiliency for AC or node failures)
19
Co-Requirements
Need to build out potential project proposals
Radio Access Network
Traffic Backhaul
Mobile Backhaul
High Availability
Quality of Service
 Major Co-Requirements for RAN
Transport / Mobile Backhaul
Subscriber Management
Clocking
Subscriber
Management
Identity
Enterprise Edge;
User Devices/CPE
Identity
 Connection Management
Connection/
Application
Persistency
Mobile
Communications
Manager
Presentation_ID
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Connection/Application Persistency
Mobile Communications Manager
Cisco Confidential
20
Next Steps
 Identify & adopt “whole product” market solutions
Example: Mobile RAN Services Architecture
 Build out potential project proposals
“Explode” the “whole product” deliverable into “project
packages”
Important & desired: Identify co-requirements/dependencies
 I solicit your feedback & over the next 2 weeks
Thank you!
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21
Presentation_ID
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22
Flexible Edge Architecture
Distributed Service Control
Application Servers/Middleware
(Voice, Video, Control,...)
AAA/Portal – NMS/OSS
AAA
Open Interfaces:
Radius, XML, Diameter,..
MSPP
Open/ Standardized
Interfaces:
ANCP...
SBC
Open/
Standardized
Interfaces:
Intra- and
Inter-Box
deployments
Cable
DSL
PON
ETTx
•L2 P-to-P
•L2 MP local bridging
•L2 Multipoint
•L3 routed
•Transport/tunnel
protocol independent
•Provider Bridging
over MPLS
•Provider Backbone
Bridging over MPLS
CPE
Access
VoD
IPTV
DPI
Firewall
NAT
Access Session
Controller Cluster
Session
Controller
Cluster
(ISP)
IPv4/v6
Serving
Gateway
eNB, RNC, ..
Presentation_ID
Open Control/Service Interfaces
Aggregation
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Edge
Cisco Confidential
PDN
Gateway
Source: Frank Brockners, NSSTG, 9/2008
23
References
 Mobility_Board_SPBC_Preso_0825
2008-Sep-22 | wwwin.cisco.com/cisco/councils/spbc/pdf/Mobility_Board_SPBC_Preso_0825_FINAL external.pdf
Presentation_ID
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24
Mobile Access: Anything, Anytime, Anywhere
Vision-Strategy-Execution (Draft Slide, 10/2008)
STRATEGY
 Understand partner & customer
vision & strategy
VISION
(sic)
Be the trusted
mobile
communications
provider/advisor to
enterprises, small
businesses and
service providers
(??)
Create the mobilized
Internet architecture
 Provide an evolutionary approach
to final goal
 Define standards strategy to
maximize solution adoption
 Define clear insertion strategy
EXECUTION
 Document high level mobile
architecture vision
 Sub-teams to document component
requirements
 Leverage internal & external test beds
Source: P Calhoun, J Baker, CTO Mobility Working Group, 10/2008
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25
BACKUP
Presentation_ID
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26
Connection Manager Dynamically Selects
Best Connection Service
 Objective: Continuous optimal
selection of best available connectivity
Gaétan’s
diagram
Internet
 Assumption/Criteria: Solution is
independent of Link Layer
ISG
Connection
Manager
Mobile
Client
Device
GGSN
3G
WLC
WiFi
ASN
WiMAX
– Select from any available service
– Provide seamless handoff &
uninterrupted continuity
Presentation_ID
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Home
Agent
Cisco Confidential
ASN: Access Service Network Gateway
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node (2G & 3G)
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service ("2.5G“)
ISG: Intelligent Service Gateway
WLC: Wireless LAN Controller
27
Rough Market Segmentation:
Users vs. Bandwidth
 High-end applications will require sophisticated services
High function
client devices
per Device
Data Consumption
Expectations for seamless continuity & session persistence
High
• Apps
• Video
• Voice, Text,
Photo
• Voice
• Text
• Photo
Low
Fewer/Moderate
Lower function
client devices
• Lower cost
• Lower barrier to
adding network
services
Large/Huge
Numbers of Users
Presentation_ID
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29
Worldwide Mobile Backhaul Connections:
IP and Pseudowire Growth
The IP portion of installed base of mobile backhaul (Ethernet fiber and copper, Ethernet
microwave, DSL, PON, WiMAX) grows rather dramatically from 2008 to 2011 as seen in the
chart; only a fraction of the connections being deployed in 2008 are pseudowire enabled, as
many hybrid IP connections are for data only, and do not require more than best efforts; a
majority of major operators are planning to use pseudowire either for carrying PDH voice
traffic (on IP or ATM pseudowires) or for separating 2G and 3G traffic, so the pseudowire
proportion increases quickly through 2011
Source: Infonetics Research, Inc., Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base, and Services, April 21, 2008
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30
Worldwide Mobile Backhaul New Connections
by Technology: Ethernet Surging
Connections (K)
We can see numbers of new backhaul connections deployed in each year in the chart; we can see
the increasing numbers of Ethernet and Ethernet microwave versus not only the decreasing
numbers of legacy TDM types, but beginning in 2010, the de-commissioning of legacy connections
superseded by new types of connections; the de-commissioning is due to connections not using the
hybrid approach, but using IP backhaul as the only backhaul to carry voice, data, and video
traffic for 2G, 3G, WiMAX, and LTE
Source: Infonetics Research, Inc., Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base, and Services, April 21, 2008
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31
Speed vs. Mobility of Wireless Systems:
Wi-Fi, HSPA, UMTS, GSM
Representative?
Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMax
Presentation_ID
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32
Clocking
Timing for mobile voice traffic
 IEEE 1588v2 Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
PTP clock types:
Boundary clock (BC)
Ordinary clock (OC)
Transparent clock (TC)
 Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)
Helpful: Overview of IEEE 1588 V2, pdf (ppt), 89 slides, 2008-09-24
www.ieee802.org/1/files/public/docs2008/as-garner-1588v2-summary-0908.pdf
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33
L2VPN Competitive
RAN Transport / Ethernet Services
Mobile Backhaul
 CP-17447 VPLS Inter-AS -- Option B
12.2SRF
 CP-17927 Dynamic Placement of MS-PWs (PW Routing) - 7600 12.2SRF
 CP-30082 Hot Standby Pseudowire
12.2SRF
VPLS (Wide Area Ethernet) Services
 CP-33034 H-VPLS Autodiscovery, BGP-based
 CP-30461 HA Support for VPLS Autodiscovery
Presentation_ID
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12.2SRF
12.2SRF
34