Download Managing and Administering DNS in Windows Server 2008

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows
Server 2008 Network Infrastructure
Configuration
Chapter 6
Managing and Administering
DNS in Windows Server 2008
Objectives
• Describe and install Active Directory Domain
Services
• Manage your Domain Name System (DNS)
environment
• Troubleshoot your DNS environment
• Manage Windows Internet Name Service
• Describe the new features of DNS in Windows
Server 2008
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Introduction to Active Directory
Domain Services
• Active Directory (AD) clients
– Use DNS to locate all the resources available on the
network
• DNS servers you can run in an AD DS environment
– Standard DNS servers
– AD DS–integrated DNS servers
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Introduction to Active Directory
Domain Services (continued)
• Activity 6-1: Resetting Network Adapters
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Reset the network adapters on lab
servers
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Using AD DS
• AD DS
– Microsoft’s implementation of a directory services
infrastructure
– Stores attributes, or specific information, for objects
within a network
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Using AD DS (continued)
• Activity 6-2: Installing the AD DS Role on MSNSRV-0XX
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Install the AD DS server role
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Using AD DS (continued)
• Activity 6-3: Promoting MSN-SRV-0XX to a DC
• Time Required: 40 minutes
• Objective: Build the first DC in a domain
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Using AD DS (continued)
• Activity 6-4: Reviewing the New DNS Zone
Additions
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Review new zones and records created
by the AD DS installation process
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Using AD DS (continued)
• Domain controller locator
– Runs at logon to provide client with location of a DC
that can authenticate its requests
• AD domain names
– Every AD domain in Windows Server 2008 has a
naming convention based on a DNS domain name
• DNS requirements for AD
– When a DC is added to a domain, SRV and A
records are created to allow clients to find a DC
during logon
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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AD-Integrated DNS
• Benefits of AD DNS
– Faster and more efficient replication
– Database security
– Multimaster support for updates and replication
• Administrators can choose one of the following
zone replication options for AD DS DNS zones
– To all DNS servers in this forest
– To all DNS servers in this domain
– To all domain controllers in this domain (for
Windows 2000 compatibility)
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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AD-Integrated DNS (continued)
• Activity 6-5: Changing the Zone Replication
Settings for bentech.local
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Change replication options for AD DS–
integrated zone
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Zone Layout
• AD DS site structure
– AD DS sites are designed to limit the replication
traffic across wide area network (WAN) links
• Distribution of an IT department
– How your network is administered helps determine
the layout for your DNS zones and servers
• Forwarding
– Types: standard and conditional
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Zone Layout (continued)
• Activity 6-6: Delegating a DNS Zone to MSN-SC0XX
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Delegate control of a DNS zone for a
subdomain to another server
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Dynamic DNS
• Allows supported DNS clients to dynamically
update their DNS records on a DNS server
• Allows DNS clients to update their A, AAAA, and
PTR records
• Deletes records of clients removed from the
domain or whose DHCP leases expire
• Scavenging
– Process within a DNS database that uses time
stamps to determine when records can update
themselves
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Dynamic DNS (continued)
• DHCP configuration
– By default, DHCP is configured to provide dynamic
updates to clients that support this feature
• DNS configuration
– Dynamic updates are configured at the DNS zone
level
• Secure and nonsecure updates
– Secure: Performed only by an authenticated client
– Nonsecure: Performed by any client
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Dynamic DNS (continued)
• How clients use DNS in an Active Directory
environment
– Failure to point your client to internal DNS servers
can cause problems
• DNS Client Group Policy settings
– For environments that do not use DHCP or have
statically assigned IP addresses, this is a good
option for defining DNS suffixes and search orders
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Dynamic DNS (continued)
• Activity 6-7: Changing Group Policy Settings
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Modify Group Policy settings
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Managing DNS
• DNS console
– Main GUI tool used for configuring DNS
– Provides access to all DNS zones available on a
server, along with configuration settings for the DNS
role
• DNS Manager
– Allows you to add DNS servers
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Configuration Settings in the DNS
Console
• DNS server level
– Configuration and maintenance tasks you can
perform
•
•
•
•
•
Configure a DNS server
Create the default application (Directory Partitions)
Create a zone
Set aging/scavenging for all zones
Scavenge stale resource records
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Configuration Settings in the DNS
Console (continued)
• Activity 6-8: Configuring DNS at the Server Level
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Setting server-level properties
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Configuration Settings in the DNS
Console (continued)
• DNS zone level
– Level where all DNS zones exist
• DNS record level
–
–
–
–
Modifying and deleting records
Defining security settings on a DNS record
Managing scavenging settings for a record
Setting record Time to Live
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Configuration Settings in the DNS
Console (continued)
• Activity 6-10: Modifying a DNS Record
• Time Required: 5 minutes
• Objective: Modify properties of a DNS record
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Round-Robin DNS
• Allows an administrator to configure load balancing
of servers based on DNS name resolution
information
• DNScmd
– Can be used to disable or enable round-robin DNS
along with other DNS features
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Round-Robin DNS (continued)
• Activity 6-11: Setting Up Round-Robin DNS and
Creating Records
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Setting up DNS records for load
balancing using round-robin DNS
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Conditional Forwarding
• Forwarding based on a specific domain name
• Created in their own location under your server in
the DNS console
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Conditional Forwarding (continued)
• Activity 6-12: Creating a Conditional Forwarder for
badgerironman.com
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Create a conditional forwarder in the
DNS console
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Conditional Forwarding (continued)
• DNScmd
– Command-line tool for performing configuration and
maintenance tasks on a DNS server
– Can be used to:
•
•
•
•
Create and delete DNS zones
Add and delete
View information about DNS zones and records
Change the zone type
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Conditional Forwarding (continued)
• Activity 6-13: Performing Management Tasks with
DNScmd
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Managing DNS zones with DNScmd
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Troubleshooting DNS
• DNS server logs
– Global Logs folder: contains a subset of the event
logs relating specifically to DNS called DNS Events
– General Tab: DNS Events log file is set to a default
size of 16,384 KB
– Filter Tab: allows you to modify the view of the DNS
Server log for better analysis of events
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Troubleshooting DNS (continued)
• Activity 6-14: Modifying the DNS Server Log Size
and Retention Value
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Modify the DNS Server log settings for
your environment
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Troubleshooting DNS (continued)
• Activity 6-15: Modifying the DNS Server Log View
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Modify the DNS Server log view to find
the root cause of a network issue
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Command-Line Utilities
• Ping
– You can ping a server by host name or FQDN
• Ipconfig
– Commands and switches: ipconfig /all, ipconfig
/flushdns, ipconfig /displaydns, ipconfig /registerdns
• DCDiag
– Allows you to perform diagnostic queries of your
DCs
• Nslookup
– Allows you to perform detailed queries for DNS
information from the command line
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Command-Line Utilities (continued)
• Nslookup
– Noninteractive - allows you to perform a single query
from the command line by entering all of the query
parameters at once
– Interactive - allows you to launch nslookup in a
command-line shell where you can define
parameters one by one
– Used with debug parameter; provides more detailed
information
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Command-Line Utilities (continued)
• Activity 6-16: Using Nslookup in Interactive Mode
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Perform DNS queries with nslookup
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Command-Line Utilities (continued)
• Debug log
– Windows Server 2008 allows you to turn on debug
logging for a DNS server
– Allows you to capture packet data related to the
DNS server functionality
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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WINS
• Microsoft’s technology for resolving NetBIOS
names to IP addresses
• Based on two important pieces
– The Server service and the Client service
• WINS server service
– Responsible for maintaining the WINS database and
responding to WINS requests
• The WINS client service
– Responsible for initiating WINS queries, client
registration, and name renewal
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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WINS (continued)
• Activity 6-17: Installing WINS
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Install a WINS server on your network
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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WINS (continued)
• Activity 6-18: Editing the LMHOSTS File
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Edit a user’s LMHOSTS file
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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WINS (continued)
• Global name zones (GNZs)
– Provide single name–to–IP address resolution by
creating CNAME records in a special GNZ
– If a GNZ is created, a DNS server looks to the GNZ
first and then to WINS
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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WINS (continued)
• Activity 6-19: Creating the GNZ
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Create the GNZ and associated alias
records.
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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New DNS Features
• DNS on Server Core
– You can deploy a single or multirole server running
DNS and other services
• Support for IPv6
– Windows Server 2008 DNS supports the IPv6
address numbering scheme along with the AAAA
resource records
• Primary Read-Only Zone
– Read-only domain controllers (RODCs): contain a
copy of the AD DS database and can answer client
requests
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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New DNS Features (continued)
• Activity 6-20: Creating an RODC
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Create an RODC
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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New DNS Features (continued)
• Link-local multicast name resolution
– Clients exchange simple messages to verify that
they have a unique name on the local subnet
• DNS client changes
– Clients periodically perform a check to ensure that
they are authenticating with a local DC
– Clients use LLMNR to resolve names on a local
network segment when a DNS server is not
available
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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New DNS Features (continued)
• Background zone loading
– Allows DNS server to handle client requests
immediately instead of waiting until the entire DNS
zone is loaded
• GNZ
– Allows you to host computer name–to–IP address
resolution records in their Windows Server 2008
DNS zone
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Summary
• In an AD DS environment, you can run two types of
DNS servers
– Standard DNS servers and AD DS DNS–integrated
servers
• AD DS
– Uses DCs to store all the AD objects and information
about an environment
– Uses a database structure to maintain its objects
• AD
– Requires DNS for locating DCs, or the DC locator
function
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Summary (continued)
• Windows Server 2008 DNS implementations
support two types of forwarding
– Standard and conditional
• Dynamic DNS
– Allows supported DNS clients to dynamically update
their DNS records on a DNS server
• DNS console
– Main GUI tool used for managing DNS
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Summary (continued)
• You can configure DNS at the DNS server, zone,
or record level
• During forwarding
– DNS server sends queries made for DNS zones that
do not match its own zone and cache information to
another internal or external DNS server
• Troubleshoot DNS when
– Your clients are having difficulties connecting to
applications or resources
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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