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The Rise of ROME Greek Presence on the Italian Peninsula Between the Greek Dark ages and the Persian Wars (800-550 BCE) Greeks colonized the Northeast Portion of the peninsula Followed the Greek City-State model Rome vs. Greece 323 BCE – Disintegration of Alexander’s Empire 307 BCE – Founding and Rise of Successor States 215 BCE – Macedonian Wars 148 BCE – Rome conquers Greek peninsula 133 BCE – Roman Incursion into Hellenistic States 31 BCE – Rome Defeats Cleopatra The Italian Peninsula Boot shaped, juts out into the Mediterranean Easy access to Africa, Spain, France, Middle East Largely mountainous, Apennines Mountains, Alps Three fertile areas: Po River (Northern Plain) Latium Plain, Campania region The Birth of Rome Legend: Romulus and Remus Early settlement of the region by Europeans and Eastern peoples circa 1200 BCE Rome established in the Latium region (Tiber river) circa 800 BCE by the “Latins” http://www.historyonth enet.com/Lessons/Le gendofrome/story.htm The Estruscans By 800 BCE the Estruscans occupied the region north of Rome A well developed society with mandatory military service, fine arts, and gladiators Around 600 BCE the Estruscans successfully took over Rome “Tarquin the Proud” removed in 509 BCE Etruscan Tombs Establishing the Roman Republic A “Republic” formed in 509 BCE in which elected officials ran the government Lasted almost 500 years Successfully defended against the Gauls, Etruscans, Greeks by organizing troops into Legions By 265 BCE Rome controlled all of Italy Obelix and Asterix: Gauls circa 50 BCE The Punic Wars - “N” not “B” Rivalry over land (Carthage area and Sicily) incited war between the Carthaginians and Romans First Punic War 263-241: Rome invaded Sicily, Rome won against Hamilcar Barca Second Punic War 218-202 BCE: Hannibal invaded Rome from the North, Carthaginians eventually lost Third Punic War 149-146 BCE: Carthage built up their army, Rome quickly won Hannibal The Rise of the Roman Empire The Successor States Zenith of Hellenistic Culture Antigonous – Macedonia Selucus – old Persian Empire Ptolemy – Egypt Culturally united although never at peace Egyptian resurgence as a unified and independent state Alexandria = greatest urban center Macedonian Wars Macedonia joined Carthage (Phoenician state in North Africa) in it’s struggles against Rome 146 – Rome brings all of Greek Peninsula under their control Roman Incursions 133 BCE - Pergamum willed to Rome with death of ruler Selucid kingdom conquered in 65 BCE 31 BCE – Cleopatra’s forces defeated by Octavian and Roman Navy