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Transcript
The Byzantine Empire World History I Heritage High School Mr. Irwin The Byzantine Empire – 565 C.E. The New Eastern Empire • When the Western Roman Empire fell in 476, the eastern empire still survived as the Byzantine Empire • Lasted for 1000 years after fall of Rome • Capital city – Constantinople – Center of trade – Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordering natural harbor Constantinople - Center of Trade Byzantine Empire became wealthy due to being center of trade Justinian (ruled 527 – 565) • Byzantine emperors enjoyed absolute power • Expanded empire • Beautified Constantinople • Created Justinian Code of Law • Relied heavily on wife, Theodora, to help run empire Justinian Conquers (Again) • Justinian reconquered lands lost by the Eastern Empire • Lands included parts of Italy, Africa, and Spain Rebuilt Constantinople • Justinian began rebuilding the capital, Constantinople, after being damaged in a revolt • Rebuilt city walls • Built schools, hospitals, courts, churches • Most famous church and great architectural achievement was the Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia Byzantine Art • Greatly inspired by Christianity and imperial power • Icons – religious images • Mosaics - the art of creating images using small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other material Icons Mosaics Influence of Roman Law – Justinian Code • Justinian was highly influenced by Roman law – Had 10 scholars look through thousands of Roman laws to develop own code of law • Developed Justinian Code – uniform code of law based on Roman law – Included laws on marriage, slavery, property, women’s rights, and crime – Laws were strict but fair – Gave same rights to everyone – rich or poor • Highly influential – laws became model for lawmakers in Europe and our own laws Influence of Roman and Greek Culture • Byzantines spoke Greek • Studied Latin, Greek, Roman literature and history Tension between Eastern and Western Christian Churches • Division of the Roman empire affected the Christian Church • In the east – emperor had control over head of church – Caused by different cultural practices – Limited contact between areas – Religious practices developed differently • In the west – lack of emperor gave pope more responsibilities • Western pope claimed control over all Christian churches in east and west • Eastern church rejected authority of pope The Church Divides • Christian Church split in 1054 – Known as “The Great Schism” – Roman Catholic Church in the west • Catholic – “universal” • Latin – official language – Eastern Orthodox Church in the east • Orthodox – “holding established beliefs” • Greek – official language • Split led to creation of two separate European civilizations The Western Church (Roman Catholic) VS the Eastern Church (Orthodox) (Write these down!) • The Western Church (Roman Catholic) – Services conducted in Latin – The Pope had authority over all other bishops – The Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors – Priests may not marry; this is called celibacy – Divorce is not permitted – Church is centered in Rome; it is far from the capital of Constantinople • The Eastern Church (Eastern Orthodox) – Services conducted in Greek and local languages – The Patriarch and other bishops share power over the church – The emperors claim authority over the patriarch and the bishops – Priests may be married – Divorce is allowed under certain circumstances – Church is centered in Constantinople Quick Review • Which church seemed to allows for greater diversity among its members? Why? • Who would have more political power: the pope or the patriarch? • When you have answered these two questions, turn to a neighbor and discuss your answers Eastern Orthodox Church Roman Catholic Church Influence on Russia • The Byzantine Empire greatly influenced Russia • Trade routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea • Byzantine missionaries established Orthodox Churches in Russia – Russia and most of Eastern Europe adopted Orthodox Christianity as main religion • Byzantine missionaries even created an alphabet, the Cyrillic alphabet, to write the Bible in Russian. What is the Cyrillic alphabet and where did it come from? • The Cyrillic alphabet was created by Saint Cyril and was used by many Slavic languages (like Russian). • Try writing your name in Cyrillic! Russian Orthodox Church Byzantine Empire Collapses • New Arabian religion of Islam began in 600s – Muslims armies attacked Constantinople • Civil wars, attacks by Ottoman Turks, Serbs, and Europeans hurt Byzantine Empire • Only small section of empire remained by 1350 • Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453 – This officially ended the Byzantine Empire