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Christianity Before Constantine: Internal Developments and Roman Responses I. Internal Developments A. Worship B. Organization C. Theology II. Roman Responses to Christianity A. Misconceptions B. Persecution of Christians Christianity Before Constantine: Internal Developments and Roman Responses I. Internal Developments A. Worship The Catacombs Eucharistic Banquet Catacombs of St. Calixtus, Rome, beginning of 3rd century The Breaking of Bread in the Eucharistic Banquet Catacomb Wall Painting, Rome Christianity Before Constantine: Internal Developments and Roman Responses I. Internal Developments A. Worship B. Organization Christianity Before Constantine: Internal Developments and Roman Responses I. Internal Developments A. Worship B. Organization C. Theology Origen of Alexandria (185 - c.254) “…For this man [Origen], having been a student of Ammonius, who had attained the greatest proficiency in philosophy of any in our day, derived much benefit from his teacher in the knowledge of the sciences; but as to the correct choice of life, he pursued a course opposite to his. For Ammonius, being a Christian, and brought up by Christian parents, when he gave himself to study and to philosophy straightway conformed to the life required by the laws. But Origen, having been educated as a Greek in Greek literature, went over to the barbarian recklessness. And carrying over the learning which he had obtained, he hawked it about, in his life conducting himself as a Christian and contrary to the laws, but in his opinions of material things and of the Deity being like a Greek, and mingling Grecian teachings with foreign fables. For he was continually studying Plato, and he busied himself with the writings of Numenius and Cronius, Apollophanes, Longinus, Moderatus, and Nicomachus, and those famous among the Pythagoreans. And he used the books of Chaeremon the Stoic, and of Cornutus. Becoming acquainted through them with the figurative interpretation of the Grecian mysteries, he applied it to the Jewish Scriptures." -Porphyry, Against the Christians Christianity Before Constantine: Internal Developments and Roman Responses I. Internal Developments A. Worship B. Organization C. Theology: Origen of Alexandria II. Roman Responses to Christianity Christianity Before Constantine: Internal Developments and Roman Responses I. Internal Developments A. Worship B. Organization C. Theology: Origen of Alexandria II. Roman Responses to Christianity A. Misconceptions Roman Responses to Christianity Anti-Christian Graffiti: "Alexamenos is worshipping his God" Christianity Before Constantine: Internal Developments and Roman Responses I. Internal Developments A. Worship B. Organization C. Theology: Origen of Alexandria II. Roman Responses to Christianity A. Misconceptions B. Persecution of Christians Damnatio ad bestias! To the lion! Women as Heroines: Accounts of Women Martyrs The Virgin-Martyr Agnes, Gold-Glass from fourth-century Rome Certificate of Having Sacrificed to the Gods (from persecution under Emperor Decius, c.250) Early Christian Mosaic of St. Perpetua Christianity Before Constantine: Internal Developments and Roman Responses I. Internal Developments A. Worship B. Organization C. Theology: Origen of Alexandria II. Roman Responses to Christianity A. Misconceptions B. Persecution of Christians