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Fish Dissection Image from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish.gif NOTOCHORD Notochord: flexible rod Helps organize developing cells in embryo Replaced by spinal cord in most vertebrates DORSAL NERVE CORD Spinal cord forms along dorsal side Images from: http://www.nvo.com/jin/nssfolder/scrapbookanatomy/dorsal%20nerve%20cord.jpg http://www.ekinos.com.ar/horse.jpg PHARYNGEAL POUCHES Become gills in some vertebrates Become back of throat and inner ears in humans POST ANAL TAIL CHORDATES: NOTOCHORD PHARYNGEAL POUCHES POST ANAL TAIL DORSAL NERVE CORD VERTEBRATES: ALL CHORDATE CHARACTERISTICS PLUS: Bones or cartilage around a dorsal nerve cord Cranium (skull) to protect brain Endoskeleton made of bone or cartilage Closed circulatory system Ventral heart Images from: http://www.eslkidstuff.com/images/shark.gif http://www.miamisci.org/oceans/coralreef/predators/mantaray.gif http://imiloa.wcc.hawaii.edu/krupp/BIOL101/present/lcture13/sld019.htm http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish.gif Scientists believe other vertebrates evolved from BONY LOBE-FINNED fish BONY FISH CHARACTERISTICS Endoskeleton of bone Scales & fins Lungs or swim bladder ENDOSKELETON FISH LATIN meaning ANIMALIA KINGDOM _____________ PHYLUM ____________________________ CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” SUBPHYLUM ___________________________ OSTEICHTHYES “bony fish” CLASS _______________________________ DORSAL POSTERIOR ANTERIOR VENTRAL CEPHALIZATION BILATERAL SYMMETRY Integumentary Scalesdecrease water resistance protection growth rings increase with age Coloration-darker on top/lighter on bottom Body Shape-streamlined RAYS- protection from predators OPERCULUM • OPERCULUM Water goes: in through mouth out through slit behind operculum Nostrils-dead end pocket smell-important Eye-no eyelid Mouth-teeth don’t chew Ears- not external Anterior Dorsal Posterior Dorsal Pectoral Caudal Pelvic Anal PELVIC FINS LATERAL LINE Sensory-vibrations & water pressure ANUS exit for digestive waste UROGENITAL OPENING (PORE) exit for urine & eggs or sperm INTERNAL STRUCTURES RESPIRATORY Gill Arch (RAKERS) Gill Filaments COUNTERCURRENT FLOW COUNTERCURRENT FLOW FUNCTIONS OF GILLS 1. Gas exchange 2. Excrete Nitrogen waste as ammonia 3. OSMOREGULATION regulate ion/water balance HYPER, HYPO, ISOTONIC? Image from: http://www.bio200.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Perch/Perch.html Image from: http://www.bio200.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Perch/Perch.html OVARY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • LIVER (improved digestive gland) Makes bile used by intestine Stores glycogen Stores vitamins (especially oil soluble ones- A & D) Processes TOXINS (including nitrogen waste made by cells) • GALL BLADDER Stores bile made by liver PANCREAS 1. MAKES TRYPSIN for intestine (digests proteins) 2. MAKES hormones to regulate blood sugar INSULIN (cells take up & store glucose) GLUCAGON (cells release stored glucose to blood) PYLORIC CAECA HEART SINGLE loop CLOSED circulation SPLEENproduces new RBC’s destroys old worn out RBC’s stores RBC’s for release in low oxygen UROGENITAL PORE BRAIN Image modified from: http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/perch/index.html BRAIN OPTIC TECTUM Receives and processes info from visual, auditory (hearing) , and lateral line system BRAIN CEREBRUM • controls higher thinking (memory, learning, reasoning, problem solving) • integrates info from other brain parts BRAIN OLFACTORY BULBS • Smell BRAIN OLFACTORY NERVES • Smell BRAIN CEREBELLUM • Motor (muscle) coordination • Balance BRAIN MEDULLA OBLONGATA • Relay center for sensory info from body • Controls “Autonomic” body organs
