Download Noncommunicable Disease

Noncommunicable Disease
• A Noncommunicable Disease is a disease that is not
spread through contact.
– Are caused by how people live, conditions they are
born with, or environmental hazards.
• Conditions people are born with (e.g. - a physical
handicap)
• Conditions that occur when the body is worn out (e.g.
- heart attacks)
• Conditions that occur due to a specific malfunction
(e.g. - cancer)
Noncommunicable
Disease
– Are not spread by contact
because most are not
caused by germs. Instead
they are the breakdown in
body cells and tissues.
Degenerative Diseases
– Cause further breakdown,
or degeneration in body
cells and tissues as they
progress
Chronic Diseases
– Are present either
continuously or off and on over
a long period of time
– May develop as a result of a
person’s lifestyle behaviors or
substances in a person’s
environment
Diseases Present at Birth
– Genetic Disorder- one in which
the body does not develop or
function normally because of an
inherited problem
Diseases Present at Birth
– Birth Defect- disorders of
the developing and newborn
baby, causes unknown
– In most cases there are no
cure for either genetic
disorders or birth defects
Risk Factors
• Risk Factors are certain
characteristics that increase
a person’s chances of
developing the disease.
Noncommunicable
Disease
– Many diseases are the
direct or indirect result of
harmful lifestyle behaviors.
Healthful lifestyle
behaviors, on the other
hand, can help prevent or
control certain diseases and
disorders.
Diseases Caused by the
Environment
– Fumes from chemicals, second
hand smoke, radon, asbestos
Heart Disease
• Heart disease is the #1 killer
of adults in the US!
Heart Disease
• The term heart disease
includes any condition that
lessens the strength or
function of the heart or blood
vessels.
• Healthy lifestyle behaviors
lower risk of heart disease
Atherosclerosis and
Arteriosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis- condition in
which fatty substances (excholesterol) in the blood are
deposited on the walls of the
arteries
- Cholesterol- a fatty substance
that causes atherosclerosis,
some cholesterol is produced by
the body, certain foods also
contain cholesterol
Atherosclerosis and
Arteriosclerosis
– Arteriosclerosis- hardening
of the arteries. Slows flow
of blood and is a major
cause of high blood
pressure.
– A blood clot may result
from the reduced flow of
blood.
Heart Disease
• When the flow of blood is
reduced, blood clots may form
within the blood vessels. When
a coronary artery is blocked,
the result can be a heart
attack. When an artery in the
brain is blocked the result can
be a stroke.
Heart Disease
• High blood Pressure
– Blood Pressure- force of
the blood on the inside
walls of the blood vessels.
– Typical blood pressure for
teens is 110/70
Heart Disease
– Your blood pressure is not the
same at all times. It may
increase while exercising or
under stress and my lower
when at rest.
– Hypertension (high blood
pressure)- when the blood
pressure is consistently higher
then normal.
Heart Disease
– 4 factors that increase your
chances of having high blood
pressure
• Eating a large amount of salt
• Being overweight
• Feeling extreme stress for
long periods of time
• Having a family history of
high blood pressure
Heart Disease
– There are no outward signs
of High Blood Pressure until
it has caused serious
damage. (The Silent Killer)
Preventing Heart Disease
• Risk Factors for Heart Disease
– Not within a person’s control:
• Age
• Gender
• Race
• Family history
Preventing Heart Disease
• Risk Factors for Heart Disease
– Within a person’s control:
• Weight
• Exercise
• Diet
• Tobacco
Treating Heart Disease
– Heart Transplant- replacing
diseased heart with healthy
heart from a donor
– Bypass Surgery- remove a vein
from the leg and form a detour
around the blockage
Heart Disease
– Dissolving Blood Clotsmedications are used to
dissolve the clots
– Angioplasty
– Medication
– Changing Lifestyle
Behaviors
Understanding
Heart Disease
• Preventing Heart Disease
Tobacco
Diet
Exercise
Alcohol
STRESS
Weight
Cancer
• 2nd leading cause of death in
adults in the US
• What is Cancer?
– Involve abnormal body cells
growing out of control.
– Many different types of
cancers that affect most
parts of the body.
Cancer
• Tumors (groups of abnormal
cells)
– Benign Tumor
•are not cancerous
– Malignant Tumor
•cancerous
Cancer
• Cancer progresses in stages. In
the final stage, cancer cells from
malignant tumors may enter the
bloodstream or lymph system and
travel to other parts of the body
and form new tumors. The
spreading of cancer cells is called
metastasis.
Cancer
• What Causes Cancer?
– Factors that are inherited
– Lifestyle behaviors
– Carcinogens- substances that
cause cancer, some can be
avoided
Diagnosing Cancer
– The earlier cancer is
detected the better the
chance of the person’s
survival.
Diagnosing Cancer
•Routine Physical
Examination
•Blood Tests
•Biopsy- small piece of
tissue is removed for
testing in a lab
Warning Signs of Cancer
– There are 7 warning signs of
cancer identified by the
American Cancer Society
Change in bowel or bladder
habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or
elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty
swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Treatment of Cancer
– Surgery- remove cancer
cells from the body
– Radiation- X-rays, or other
radioactive substances are
aimed at a tumor
– Chemotherapy- chemicals
are used to destroy cancer
cells
Treatment of Cancer
– All three can damage healthy
cells with the cancer cells.
Radiation and chemotherapy
used to treat one cancer may
cause a second cancer years
later.
Preventing Cancer
– You can lower you risk of
developing some types of
cancer by making certain
healthy choices.
Limit Sun Exposure
Avoid Tobacco
Eat Healthy
Allergies
• In some cases the immune
system reacts to substances
to which a person is sensitive.
• And allergy is the body’s
sensitivity to certain
substances.
Allergies
• An allergen is a substance
that causes an allergic
reaction.
• Many people are allergic to
pollen, tiny grains from
plants.
Allergies
• Reactions to Allergies
– In response to allergens the
body releases histamines
(chemicals in the body that
cause the symptoms of the
allergic reaction)
Allergies
– Symptoms
•Difficulty Breathing
•Skin rash
•Hives- raised bumps on
the skin that are very
itchy
Allergies
• Diagnosing Allergies
– If cause is unknown the
patient’s skin is scratched
and tiny doses of possible
allergens are inserted. If
the patient is allergic to one
of the substances, the skin
at that particular place will
turn red and swell slightly.
Allergies
• Treating Allergies
– NO Cure
– Antihistamines- medications
that work against the effect
of the histamines
– Exposing the allergic person to
extremely small quantities of
the allergen to build immunity
to it
Asthma
• Asthma- a serious chronic
condition that causes tiny air
passages in the respiratory
system to become narrow or
blocked.
• More than 10 million people in
the US have asthma. 1/3 of
these people are under the
age of 18.
Asthma
• Periods when asthma
symptoms are being
experienced is called asthma
attacks.
• Substances or events that
start the attacks are called
asthma triggers.
Asthma
• Common Triggers of Asthma
– Exposure to allergens
– Cold air
– Cigarette smoke
Asthma
• Common Triggers of Asthma
– Air pollution
– Certain foods or drugs
– Strenuous Activity
Asthma
• Treatments
– Relaxation Techniques
– Medication
Asthma
– Medication
• Some block swelling in the
bronchial tubes and decrease
the amount of mucous being
produced.
• Others, called
bronchodilators, are used to
relax the muscles that have
tightened around the airways.
Other Noncommunicable
Diseases
• Arthritis
– A person with arthritis may
have one of more than 100
conditions marked by pain
and swelling in body joints.
– About 1 person in every 7
suffer from arthritis
– Can affect people of any age
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Body joints become swollen
and painful, and cartilage that
separates the bones is
destroyed
• Affected joints become
destroyed and stiff, and they
no longer function normally
Rheumatoid Arthritis
•Cause is not known, it may
follow infection or injury
•Treatment- no cure, joints
may be reconstructed or
replaced by surgery,
treatment centers help
relieve pain and preserve
or improve joint function.
Other Noncommunicable
Diseases
• Arthritis Continued
• Osteoarthritis
– Results in the wearing
away of the body joints
– Your risk increases with
age, but it can affect
people of all ages
Osteoarthritis
• Osteoarthritis
– Symptoms: pain and
stiffness in the morning,
pain or swelling in a joint,
and pain and stiffness in
the lower back or knees
Osteoarthritis
- Treatment- ibuprofen or
aspirin, to ease the pain and
swelling, exercise to prevent
the damage from becoming
worse, surgery to replace
the diseased joint with a
mechanical one
Other Noncommunicable
Diseases
• Diabetes
– Disease that prevents the
body from converting food
into energy
– Affects people of all ages
– About 16 million people in
the US have diabetes
Diabetes
- Causes: heredity, problems
with the production of the
hormone insulin
– Insulin- regulates level of
glucose in the blood
Diabetes
• Diabetes
– Symptoms: excess
production of urine, excess
thirst, excess hunger,
weight loss, shortness of
breath, dry itchy skin, lack
of energy
Type I Diabetes
• The result of little or no
insulin produced by the
pancreas
• Must always take insulin to
maintain life (insulindependent) usually develops in
children and young adults,
affects more males than
females
Type II Diabetes
• Result of too little insulin
produced by the pancreas or the
inability to use insulin
• 90% of all diabetes cases are
type II
• Develops in people who are
overweight and more than 40
years old
Diabetes
– Treatment
• Type I- need to take insulin every day
(injection with a hypodermic needle)
• Type II- take a medicine that helps them
use the insulin their body makes
• NO Cure
• If left untreated it can lead to blindness,
loss of feeling or severe pain in the feet and
hands, kidney failure, and hardening of the
arteries