Download Health Science Core Chapter 1, 2, 3, and 4

McFatter Technical Center
Emergency Medical Technician - Basic
Health Science Core
Chapter 7 and 11
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Chapter 7
The Safe Workplace
and
Lifting/Moving Patients
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Proper Body Mechanics
• Body Mechanics - Efficient
and safe use of the body
during activity
– Prevent injury
– Correct problems
related to posture and
lifting
– Most common injury for
loss of time from the job
is back injury
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Anatomy of the Back
• Important to maintain proper
alignment so the weight is
evenly distributed throughout the
vertebrae and discs
• 33 total vertebrae
• Discs are cartilage that absorb
shock to the spine
• Several muscles support the
spine and need to be kept
strong and flexible
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Back tips
1. Maintain broad base
support with your
feet
2. Always bend your
knees, keep back
straight, and use leg
muscles to lift
3. Keep the load close
to your body
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Back tips
4. Use body weight to
push and pull an
object
5. Do not twist and
turn. Try to turn your
entire body
6. Test the weight
before attempting to
lift it.
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Needle Sticks
Reduce needle sticks:
• Sharp objects must always
be disposed in a puncture
resistant container after
use
• Utilize needles that lock
the needle in the hub
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Patient Moving
• Should get assistance with
moving
• Tell the patient what will happen
• Prepare equipment that you are
moving the patient to:
– Gurney
– Stretcher
– Wheelchair
– Backboard
– Stair chair
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Patient moving
• Utilize slide board when available
• Lock equipment in place
– Ex. Gurney wheels
– Ex. Wheelchair wheels
• Provide a count for everyone to begin assisting
with the move
• Patient should be instructed on how to position
limbs.
– Ex. Arms crossed
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Patient Moving
• If side rails are on the equipment, make sure
they are always placed up
• Moving stretchers into the up position, make
sure the legs lock
• Moving stretchers out of rescue unit, make sure
the carriage legs drop and lock before moving
the upper wheels off of the rescue floor
• Moving stretchers on uneven terrain, support at
the head and foot of the stretcher or use 4
rescuers on each corner.
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Patient Moving
Power lift
1.
2.
3.
4.
Get as close to the object as you can.
Spread your legs shoulder width apart.
Bend your knees and squat down.
Lock your back into an upright position and
tighten abdominal muscles.
5. When lifting with other students, one
person should be coordinating the lift.
6. Lift up by using your legs.
7. Keeping your back locked upright position
while completing the lifting motion.
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Lifting Guidelines
• Must communicate the plan with
everyone on the team before
lifting the patient
• Estimate weight of patient before
lifting and make sure you can
safely lift this weight
• Patients over 250lbs should be
lifted with 4 or more rescuers
• Know the weight limitations of
your equipment
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Lifting Patients Down Stairs
• Secure patient to stair chair,
backboard, or other suitable
equipment
• Rescuers take their places
around the patient
• Additional rescuer provides
spotting on the stairs, opens
doors, and assists as
needed
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Emergency Moves
Moving a patient before
initial assessment and
care are provided when
there is some potential
danger. Example:
• Fire
• Explosion
• Hazardous material
incident
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Non-urgent Moves
Scene and patient is
stable. The rescue
crew can plan how to
move the patient.
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Moving Geriatrics
Rescuers should apply
additional care to
geriatric patients
• Brittle bones
• Rigidity and spinal
curvatures
• Fear of hospitals
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Patients who Smoke
• Never allow to smoke near
oxygen equipment
– Make cause explosion
• Never allow to smoke in bed
because they could fall asleep
• Keep lighters and matches
away from children or confused
patients
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Hazardous Work Environments
• Personal safety is number
one
• Utilize proper forms of
protection
• Alert supervisors and other
workers of possible hazards
in work area
• Remove from use any
equipment that is hazardous
and send to appropriate
person for repair
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Electrical Shock Prevention
• Do not use any equipment until you have been
properly instructed
• Inspect electrical cord (do not use if damaged or
frayed)
• Do not use equipment cords that have the one of
the three prongs removed
• Do not use damaged or malfunctioning
equipment
• Avoid using electrical equipment on wet surfaces
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Chemical Injury Prevention
• Acid and alkaline chemicals
can cause direct skin
contact burns or inhalation
injury from fumes
Acid black lesion
• Never combine acid
chemicals with alkaline
chemicals
Alkaline white lesion
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Chemical Injury Prevention
• Always wear gloves when
handling chemicals.
• Read labels of containers that you
are using
• Do not use solutions that are
missing labels or unreadable
• Use chemicals in a well-ventilated
area
• Exposed to chemicals,
immediately flush with water
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Material Safety Data Sheet
Document that identifies
chemicals used in a
specific department
with details regarding
the chemical
1. Component data
2. Fire and Explosion data
3. Health hazard data
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Material Safety Data Sheet
• Other information:
– Employee protection
– Reactivity data
– Storage precautions
– Physical data
– Environmental
protection
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Revised: August 2007
Hazard Communication Label
Locate outside the building
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Fire Safety
•
•
•
•
RACE
Rescue patient
Activate the alarm
Contain the fire
Extinguish the fire
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Fire Safety
• Remain calm and do not
panic
• Turn off oxygen
• Close doors and
windows to contain and
slow spread
• Use fire fighting
equipment
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Fire Safety
Extinguishers look at label
and make sure the
extinguisher classification is
appropriate for the fire
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Fire Safety
•
•
•
•
PASS
Pull pin
Aim handle
Squeeze handle
Sweep back and
forth at the base
of the fire
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Chapter 11
Fundamental Patient Care Equipment
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Beds and Gurneys
• Gurney is a stretcher which is
used for transporting patients
• Beds:
– Stryker frame or circular double
frame bed – rotating along
patient axis allowing you to turn
the patient over without his/her
assistance.
– Roto-Rest bed – mattress
alternated pressure to prevent
skin breakdown
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Ambulation Equipment
• Wheelchair – wheel for
transporting patients
• Crutches – for orthopedic
injuries that all the patient
independent movement
• Canes – assist patient
with balance and reduce
falling
• Walkers – allow patient to
move with more support
than a cane
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Respiratory Devices
•
•
•
•
Oxygen deliver devices
Nasal cannula – delivers low
percentage of oxygen
Oxygen mask – delivers higher
percentage of oxygen
Nebulizer – delivers fine mist of
medication
Respirator or ventilator –
machine that mechanically
breathes for the patient
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Intravenous Therapy
• Fluids of sterile water
mixed with dextrose or
electrolytes
• Hospitals use infusion
pumps to deliver
intravenous fluids at
accurate amounts
• Do not adjust settings or
turn off the pump
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Excretory Equipment
• Bedside commode – portable
toilet usually kept by the
patient’s bedside
• Indwelling catheter or folley
catheter – catheter inserted
into the urinary bladder
• Suctioning device – used to
prevent inhaling solids or
liquids or keeping them from
choking on secretions
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Crash Cart
Contain defibrillator,
oxygen tank, suction
machine,
medications,
intravenous solutions,
advance airway
equipment, and other
equipment for
cardiopulmonary
arrest
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Patient Care Unit
•
•
•
•
•
Bed
Over-bed light
Table
Personal storage
Call light and intercom
system that allows the
patient to contact for
assistance
• Television
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Rescue Apparatus
• Method to transport patient
to the hospital and carry
necessary equipment
• Configurations are personal
preference. Each agency
designs the vehicle based
on needs. Some carry a lot
of equipment and therefore
need a bigger vehicle
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Other Transporting
Vehicles
• Helicopters – used for long
transports or transports that
would be delayed by traffic
• Pumpers – designed to fit a
stretcher and carry full
ambulance equipment
• Fix wing aircraft – used for
long distance transportation
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
Stretcher
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007
References
•
•
Pollak, Andrew N. Emergency Care and
Transportation of the Sick and Injured. 9th ed.
Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett,
2005.
Stevens, Kay, and Garber, Debra. Introduction
to Clinical Allied Healthcare. 2nd ed. Clifton
Park, New York: Thomson Delmar Learning,
1996.
McFatter Technical Center
Revised: August 2007