Download red blood cells

BLOOD DISORDERS
ANEMIA- a condition in which you don't have enough
healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to
your tissues
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Inadequate amounts of iron to form hemoglobin in
the red blood cells
Causes
• insufficient iron in the diet
• poor absorption of iron by the body
• ongoing blood loss, most commonly from menstruation or from
gradual blood loss in the intestinal tract
• periods of rapid growth
TX• Iron Supplements
• Increasing iron in your diet (green leefy vegetables)
Aplastic Anemia
Aplastic Anemia – bone marrow does not produce
enough RBC
Causes:
Chemotherapy and radiation
toxic chemicals
Virus
Some rheumatoid arthritis medications and even some
medications
Idiopathic
Pernicious anemia
A decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the
intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.
Causes
A special protein, called intrinsic factor (IF), helps
your intestines absorb vitamin B12. This protein is
released by cells in the stomach. When the stomach
does not make enough intrinsic factor, the intestine
cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.
Aplastic Anemia
TX:
Blood transfusions
Eliminating the cause
Bone marrow transplant
Frequently FATAL!
Pernicious Anemia
Treatment
Vitamin B12 injections once a month
Vitamin B12 absorbed in the mouth
Vitamin B12 given through the nose
Hemorrhagic Anemia
•
A type of anemia caused from heavy blood loss due to
bleeding somewhere in the body.
Causes
•
Large blood loss in life-threatening situation such as
traumatic injury, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage,
such as ulcers, hemorrhoids, gastritis (inflammation of the
stomach) and cancer.
Treatment
•
stop bleeding (both internally and externally)
•
IV saline, plasma or albumins
•
Possible blood transfusions for large amounts of blood
loss.
Leukemia
• Type of cancer
• Overproduction of immature white blood
cells
• They take the place of RBCs
• Treatable with bone marrow transplants,
chemothemotherapy, radiation
Blood Smear of a patient
with Leukemia
Normal blood smear
Blood Smear; Leukemia
St. Jude Hospital
Leukemia is one of the most common childhood cancers. It occurs
when large numbers of abnormal white blood cells fill the bone marrow
and sometimes enter the bloodstream.
Because these abnormal blood cells are defective, they don't help
protect the body against infection the way normal white blood cells do.
And because they grow uncontrollably, they take over the bone
marrow and interfere with the body's production of other important
types of cells in the bloodstream, like red blood cells (which carry
oxygen) and platelets (which help blood to clot).
Infectious mononucleosis
sometimes called "mono" or
"the kissing disease," is an
infection usually caused by
the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
EBV is very common, and
many people have been
exposed to the virus at some
time in childhood.
What white blood cell do you
think would be elevated with
MONO
Blood poisoning - Septicemia
• An infection enters the blood stream
• Can be deadly
• Treated with antibiotics (usually IV
antibiotics to start)
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
• Genetic Disorder
• Abnormally shaped blood
cells
• Parents can be carriers
(asymptomatic)
• Common in African
American, Hispanics an
and Mediterranean dissent
Sickle Cell Anemia is actually codominant
AA = normal
Aa = sickle cell trait (few symptoms)
aa = sickle cell anemia
If both parents are carriers,
child has a ¼ chance of
having the disease
Complications
1. Pain
• Lethargy
• Lifelong anemia
(low red blood count)
• Organ failure
• Stroke
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and
whites of the eyes). It occurs because
the rapid breakdown of abnormal red
blood cells leads to a build-up of a
waste product in the body called
bilirubin
Treatments
• There is no cure for Sickle cell
• Treatment is aimed at relieving pain, preventing
infections and organ damage.
• Some may be cured with bone marrow and stem
cell transplants but it is risky and more research
is being done.
HEMOPHILIA
This disorder causes a failure of the blood to
clot
Patients can be treated with blood
transfusions that include clotting agents.
Hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome
Females X H X H normal
X H X h carrier
X h X h hemophiliac
Males X H Y normal
X h Y hemophiliac
Research
• Research what clotting factors are missing with
the different forms of hemophilia.
• Symptoms
• Treatments
• Prognosis
• What diseases could they be susceptible too and
why?
• What is thrombocytopenia?
• What vitamin may doctors prescribe before
surgery to help our blood clot? Why?
• What is a normal WBC count and What WBC
Counts do we see with leukemia?