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Chapter 2 Interpreting the Language of Prescriptions Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Abbreviating Time of Medications • Come from Latin words • Memorize abbreviations and their meaning Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question What is the abbreviation for after meals? A. ac B. pc C. bid D. tid Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer B. pc The abbreviation for after meals is pc. The abbreviation for before meals is ac. The abbreviation for twice a day is bid and the abbreviation for three times a day is tid. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Military Time Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? To change traditional time to military time from 1 pm on, add 12. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True To change traditional time to military time from 1 pm on, add 12. To change military time to traditional time from 1300 on, subtract 12. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Routes of Administration • Some based on Latin words • Memorize the abbreviations Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question The patient is to receive Erythromycin 500 mg by mouth. What is the correct abbreviation for by mouth? A. po B. pr C. IVP D. NGT Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer A. po The abbreviation for by mouth is po. The abbreviation for in the rectum is pr. IVP is administered intravenous push, and NGT is when a medication is administered through a nasogastric tube. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Metric and SI Abbreviations • Metric – Relate to medication weight or volume – Most common measures • SI – International System of Units – Most developed countries except US use this system – Standard language of measurement Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Apothecary Abbreviations • Discouraged for several reasons – Equivalency with metric system is not exact – System requires Roman numerals and fractions – Symbols can be easily misinterpreted • Minimal use Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Roman Numerals • Examples – 2 = ii – 4 = iv – 5=v – 10 = x Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Grain • Generally 60 mg = 1 gr • EXCEPTIONS 65 mg = 1 gr – Acetaminophen (Tylenol) – Aspirin • Metric gram (g; gm; Gm) confused with grain (gr) • WRITE OUT word “grain” Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Household Abbreviations • Used for medications administered at home • Examples – Pint – Quart – Teaspoon – Tablespoon Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question How would you write the following order in longhand? “Morphine 2 mg IV q2h prn for pain.” A. Morphine 2 micrograms intravenously every 2 hours as needed for pain B. Morphine 2 milligrams intravenously every 2 hours as needed for pain C. Morphine 2 milligrams intravenously every 2 days as needed for pain D. Morphine 2 milligrams intravenously every 2 hours with food for pain Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer B. Morphine 2 milligrams intravenously every 2 hours as needed for pain Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins