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Socialization
Chapter 3
Chapter Overview
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
Quiz
What is “Socialization”?
Nature v. Nurture
Socialization into Gender
Agents of Socialization
Resocialization
Socialization through Life
Are We Prisoners of Socialization?
Review
I. Introductory “Quiz”
1. Intelligence is dependent
upon human interaction.
True
2. A child can die from
lack of human interaction.
True
3. When a child plays team
sports, the individual is
learning to take the role of
others.
True
4. The average child could
learn to do algebra at age 8
if schools introduced it earlier
and used better teaching
techniques.
False
5. Sociologists have a
love/hate relationship with
Freud.
Yes and No
6. Emotions such as happiness,
remorse, fear, compassion, and
shame are all universally felt and
expressed.
False
7. Television is the strongest
force that causes people to
act, feel, and believe the
way they do.
False
8. A main teaching among
all social classes of parents is
obedience and staying out
of trouble.
False
9. Day care does not improve
the relationship between
parents and children.
True
10. Socialization is complete
at about the age of 25.
False
II. What is “Socialization”?
Definition:
The process of developing one’s
group’s characteristics (i.e.,
attitudes, values, and
actions).
III. Nature v. Nurture
A. A Demonstration
B. Case study: The Wild Boy of
Itard
C. What language will a child
speak?
D. Harry Harlow’s monkeys
E. Twin Studies
IV. Theories of Socialization
A. Cooley and the Looking-Glass
Self
B. Mead and Role-Taking
C. Piaget and the Development of
Reasoning Abilities
D. Freud and the Development of
Personality
IV. Theories of Socialization
A. Cooley and the Looking-Glass
Self
B. Mead and Role-Taking
C. Piaget and the Development of
Reasoning Abilities
D. Freud and the Development of
Personality
A. Cooley and the Looking-Glass
Self: Demonstration
Answer the following questions on a piece of
paper. Try to keep your answers to a
sentence or two:




Who are you?
What do close family members think of you?
What do members of your sex think of you?
What do members of the opposite sex think of
you?
The Looking-Glass Self
Others’
Reactions
Your
Interpretations of
Others’ Reactions
Your
Behavior
Your
SelfConcept
Other
Influences
IV. Theories of Socialization
A. Cooley and the Looking-Glass
Self
B. Mead and Role-Taking
C. Piaget and the Development of
Reasoning Abilities
D. Freud and the Development of
Personality
B. Mead and Role-Taking
1. Stages
a. Imitation
b. Play
c. Games
2. The “I” v. the “Me”
3. The human mind is a social product
IV. Theories of Socialization
A. Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self
B. Mead and Role-Taking
C. Piaget and the Development
of Reasoning Abilities
D. Freud and the Development of
Personality
C. Piaget and the Development
of Reasoning abilities
1. The sensorymotor stage
2. The preoperational* stage
3. The concrete operational stage
4. The formal operational stage
*substitute the words “reasoning skills”
for operational
IV. Theories of Socialization
A. Cooley and the Looking-Glass
Self
B. Mead and Role-Taking
C. Piaget and the Development of
Reasoning Abilities
D. Freud and the Development of
Personality
V. Socialization into Gender
VI. Agents of Socialization
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
The family
The neighborhood
Religion
Day Care
Sports
The workplace
The school and peer groups
VII Resocialization
A. Definition
B. Examples
C. Total Institutions
VIII. Socialization Through Life
A. Life course = stages of life from birth
to death
A. Stages affect your behavior and
orientations (ex:)
B. Historical context, sex, race-ethnicity, social
class, etc. effect your life course.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ex: childhood
ex.: adolescence
ex: young adulthood
ex: the middle years
ex: the older years
IX. Are We Prisoners of Socialization?
Y.J.U.: We are prisoners
of socialization.
X. Review
Socialization = learning norms and
values
Charles Cooley: The lookingglass self
How we think others perceive us is
more important than reality
George Herbert Mead
1. Each person has two sides
a. I = the spontaneous subjective person
b. Me = the objective person
2. Significant others: important role
in the development of the “me”
(e.g., parents)
3. Generalized others: the larger
community or society
Jean Piaget
1. Sensorymotor stage
2. Preoperational stage
3. Concrete operational stage
4.Formal operational stage
Sigmund Freud
1. Id: basic drives (e.g., sex,
food)
2. Superego: society’s
expectations; censors the id
3. Ego: individuality among
us; mediates between the id
and superego