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MARGARET A. TYNAN, Ph. D.
Department of Social Work
California State University,
Stanislaus
Definitions
Emergence of Social Work in Context
Key Historical Events—U.S. & Selected Countries
Political Environment
Social Workers Influencing Social Policy
Small Group Discussion
DEFINITIONS
Sociology
The study of human social behavior,
especially the study of the origins,
organization, institutions, and
development of human society.
Analysis of a social institution or
societal segment as a self-contained
entity or in relation to society as a
whole. (The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth
Edition, 2004)
DEFINITIONS
CONTINUED
Social Work
The social work profession promotes social
change, problem solving in human
relationships and the empowerment and
liberation of people to enhance wellbeing. Utilising theories of human
behaviour and social systems, social
work intervenes at the points where
people interact with their environments.
Principles of human rights and social
justice are fundamental to social work.
(International Federation of Social Workers, July 2000)
DISTINCTION BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY & SOCIAL WORK
(Riedmann, 2008)
Back to classical theorists, Karl Marx and Max Weber.
Marx argued that praxis should be integral to social
science: The role of the social scientist ought to include
application of social knowledge toward the improvement
of the human condition/ elimination of exploitation of the
working class, or proletariat--actually, for Marx,
revolution.
Karl Marx
Later Weber argued that social science--being science-should, in a standard albeit translated quote, "study
what is, not what should be." His argument: What good
is rushing out to change things if you don't know the
root causes of what's going on?
Max Weber
We need both roles in society: Sociologists who,
following Weber, dedicate their professional lives to uncovering &
thoroughly understanding causes for social injustices. And we need
social workers who, using praxis, apply that understanding.
Purpose of Social Work
To enhance human well-being & alleviate
poverty, oppression, and other forms of
social injustice.
To Enhance the social functioning &
interactions of individuals, families, groups,
organizations, & communities by involving
them in accomplishing goals, developing
resources, & preventing & alleviating distress.
Purpose of Social Work
CONTINUED
To formulate & implement social policies,
services, & programs that meet basic human
needs & support the development of human capacities.
• To pursue policies, services, and resources through
advocacy & social or political actions that promote
social and economic justice.
• To develop & use research, knowledge, & skills that
advance social work practice.
• To develop & apply practice in the context of diverse
cultures
Source: 2001, Council on Social Work Education, Inc. 2001, Released April 2002,
Revised June 2003 and October 2004
EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL WORK
Selected Dates in Social Welfare History--US:
ELIZABETHAN POOR LAW (1601)
American Colonies enact various laws related to
welfare needs including Poor Laws (1624-1697)
Industrial Revolution (late 18th and early 19th Centuries)
U.S. Public Health Service established post epidemics
related to increased shipping & immigration (1798)
Poor Law Reform Act (1834)
1st restrictive child labor law enacted in
Massachusetts (1836)
EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL WORK
Selected Dates in Social Welfare History continued:
Dorothea Dix investigates care of people
with mental illnesses (1841) Ultimately
establishes 41 state & 1 federal hospital
U.S. Civil War (1861-1865)
U.S. Sanitary Commission, forerunner of American Dorothea Dix
Red Cross established (1861)
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865—1872)
Ratification of 13th Amendment (1865) 14th Amendment (1868)
Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children formed
NY, (1877)
Toynbee Hall, 1st Settlement House established in
London by Vicar Samuel A. Barnett (1884)
EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL WORK
Selected Dates in Social Welfare History continued:
1st American Charity Organization Society
established NY (1877)
Hull House opened in Chicago by
Jane Addams & Ellen Gates Starr (1889)
Jane Addams
1st Social Work Training School NY (1898)
Mary E. Richmond publishes Friendly Visiting
Among the Poor (1899)
Medical Social Work initiated Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston (1905)
EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL WORK
Selected Dates in Social Welfare History continued:
1st White House Conference on Children sponsored by
Pres. Theodore Roosevelt (1909)
1st Social Work Training Program for Black Workers,
Fisk University in Nashville, TN (1910)
WWI (1914-1918)
Child Labor Act Passed (1916)
19th Amendment to U.S.
Constitution grants women’s
right to vote (1920)
EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL WORK
Selected Dates in Social Welfare History continued:
Stock Market Crash (October 29, 1929)
The Great Depression, (1929-1940)
New Deal (1933-1936)
TVA, CCC, WPA, FDIC, SEC & NRA.
Health Education & Welfare Act
(Social Security Act ) (1935)
WWII (1939—1945)
Social Work Development
Selected Countries & Territories:
Historical Context
Elizabethan Poor Law, England (1601)
Rev. Thomas Chalmers organizes to help poor,
Glasgow, Scotland (1819)
St Vincent de Paul Society established, Paris (1833)
Poor Law Reform Act, England (1834)
1st “day care” facility for infants of working mothers,
Paris (1844)
British Factory Act limits women’s/children’s workday
(1847)
Social Work Development
Selected Countries & Territories:
Historical Context
1st Charity Organization Society, London (1869)
Germany inaugurates accident, sickness & old age
insurance (1884)
Toynbee Hall, 1st settlement house, London (1884)
Indigent Person Relief Regulation, 1st social welfare law,
Japan (1894)
1st School of Social Welfare, Alice Garrigue Masarykova,
Prague (1918)
Social Work Development
Selected Countries & Territories:
Historical Context
1st International Council of Social Welfare, Alice
Salomon, of Germany, led group on social work
education, Paris (1928)
1st licensing law for social workers, Puerto Rico (1934)
1st School of Social Work, University of Havana, Cuba
(1943)
Cuban Ministry of Public Health established technical
institutes to prepare social work technicians (1973)
National Association of Social Workers, Poland (1987)
Civil Rights Movement
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas,
the U.S. Supreme Court rules that racial
segregation in public schools is unconstitutional
(1954)
NAACP member Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat at the front
of the "colored section" of a bus to a white passenger, defying a
southern custom of the time (1955)
The U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1957 (P.L. 85-315) is passed (1957)
Martin Luther King delivers his famous "I Have a Dream" speech
(1963)
The 24th Amendment abolishes the poll tax (1964)
President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964
President Johnson issues Executive Order 11246, which enforces
affirmative action for the first time (1965)