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Today: Socialization
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What is human nature?
Social Institutions
2 theories: Cooley, Goffman
About Test 1 next class
“I can accept failure, everyone fails at something.
But I can’t accept not trying.” -Michael Jordan
OXANA MALAYA
View the case Oxana Malaya
Found as an 8-year-old feral in Ukraine 1991.
Abandoned at age 3
What is socialization?
Socialization – the process by which we learn the
ways of our society.
In other words…
become who we are
ongoing lifelong process
how we
Socialization – the process by which we
learn the ways of our society.
Socialization – the process by which we
learn the ways of our society.
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What is Human Nature?
• Nature vs. Nurture
Which has more impact on who we are?
Genetic DNA
Environment
What is Human Nature?
What we have learned from:
Feral Children? (wild, raised by animals)
Isolated Children? (lacking human contact)
Institutionalized Children? (children in orphanages)
Deprived Animals? (animals raised without their mother)
*You may find some of the issues discussed today disturbing/troubling
FERAL CHILDREN
What makes us human?
Sociologists say being born human is not enough,
society makes a human
View the case Oxana Malaya
Demonstrates:
human behavior is
learned not inborn
Found as an 8-year-old feral in
Ukraine 1991. Abandoned at age 3
ISOLATED CHILDREN
Isabelle, as described in Human Society by Kingsley Davis:
• Isabelle was locked in the attic by her
grandfather until the age of 6
Found in 1932
Isolated Children
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When found unable to speak, thought to be mentally
impaired
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In 2 years (at age 8) Isabelle reached the intellectual
level normal for her age and preformed well in school
Demonstrates:
Human language is not natural but learned
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Isolated Children
Genie:
• Found at age 13
• Unable to walk upright, talk
• Was only able to put a few words
together after intense therapy
Demonstrates:
Children isolated past a certain age, or in certain
conditions may not be able to learn language
INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN
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1930’s many children in orphanages had very low IQ’s
Psychologists H.M. Skeels and H.B. Dye observed very
sufficient food and shelter (Iowa)
limited visual stimulation
Adult contact limited to
changing of diapers, bathing
Fed with propped up bottles
INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN
 Low
IQ and special learning needs were considered
biological traits
 Skeels
and Dye believed the causes might be social
(sociological imagination)
 Studied
25 infants
INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN
 13
infants cared for by women with special needs
 basic needs and also played with and cuddled
 Each
infant had one adult woman in their life
2 Years Later
Infants placed with women
Infants who remained in the
with special needs:
orphanage
Gained an average of 28 IQ
points
Lost an average of 30 IQ points
INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN
21 years later
Infants placed with
women with
special needs:
All 13 earned 12th
grade education
Infants who
remained in the
orphanage
Had on average a
3rd grade education
5 completed
college
4 still lived in
institutions
1 went to graduate Others held lowschool
level jobs
Demonstrates:
humans need
affection to
develop
cognitive skills
DEPRIVED ANIMALS
 1958,
Psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow
investigated the importance of contact
Harlow Experiment
Demonstrates:
Bonding occurs through
contact
Part 3 :32
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What is Human Nature?
 All
demonstrate that social interaction (society) plays a
role in who we become
WHAT ARE AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION?
People, groups, and media that teach us social norms
Influences from all
around us
ONE MINUTE QUICK WRITE: Which of these agents of
socialization do you feel has the strongest influence? Why?
Religion Schooling Government Friends Media
Music, tv,
internet etc.
Family
Extra Credit Opportunity: Which of these agents of socialization do
you feel has the strongest influence? Why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Go to the part of the room matching your choice
Take turns sharing why you selected this agent of socialization
Talk about why the other choices are not as strong
Select 1-2 people from your group to share, you will have 1 ½
minutes only
Religion Schooling Government Friends Media
Music, tv,
internet etc.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Social institutions/Agents of Socialization:
 Existed
for a long period of time
 Well established structure
 Change occurs slowly
PURPOSE :
1.
They shape values and beliefs
2.
Maintain order
3.
Help societies to function
3 SOCIOLOGISTS’ VIEWS ON SOCIALIZATION
CHARLES HORTON COOLEY
LOOKING GLASS SELF
1) We use others as mirrors
2) Look at their eyes, body language, words to assess
ourselves
3) We develop a self- concept.
CHARLES HORTON COOLEY
LOOKING GLASS SELF
How we imagine other people judge us can help or hurt
our self-concept
Even if untrue
ERVING GOFFMAN
Dramaturgy
STATUS
Role conflict:
• Role strain:
• conflict between 2 different • conflict within one
statues
status
-student and mom
-student taking many
classes
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ERVING GOFFMAN DRAMATURGY
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Noticed a conflict between what we want to do and
what we feel people want us to do
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View of social life as a series of dramatic
performances (theatre)
ERVING GOFFMAN DRAMATURGY
Impression management= actions and statements made to
control how others view us
ERVING GOFFMAN DRAMATURGY
ERVING GOFFMAM DRAMATURGY
Face-saving behavior
Strategies to rescue our performance when we experience a
potential or actual loss of face
Next class:
Test 1 (Chapters 1-4)
•Come to class on time
•Bring a standard 50 question scantron E-882 and pencil
•Multiple choice, 25 questions
•Study class notes, slides on website, and reading
assignments
•Use Study guide posted on website
HOW TO STUDY FOR TEST 1 COMING UP NEXT CLASS
1) Use the study guide on the website!
2) Fill out answers
3) Master the information
4) Test yourself
5) Study with a classmate
Media
Media
Religion
Religion
School
School
Government
Government
Friends
Friends