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Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food no cell walls Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food no cell walls nervous tissue Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food no cell walls nervous tissue muscle tissue Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food no cell walls nervous tissue muscle tissue blastula stage Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food no cell walls nervous tissue muscle tissue blastula stage gastrula stage Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food no cell walls nervous tissue muscle tissue blastula stage gastrula stage embryonic tissue layers Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food no cell walls nervous tissue muscle tissue blastula stage gastrula stage embryonic tissue layers Hox genes Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes ingest their food no cell walls nervous tissue muscle tissue blastula stage gastrula stage embryonic tissue layers Hox genes Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular Animals probably heterotrophic evolved from a eukaryotes colonial, flagellated ingest their food no cell walls protist. nervous tissue muscle tissue blastula stage gastrula stage embryonic tissue layers Hox genes Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution What is an animal? multicellular Animals probably heterotrophic evolved from a eukaryotes colonial, flagellated ingest their food no cell walls protist. nervous tissue muscle tissue blastula stage gastrula stage embryonic tissue layers Hox genes Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Phylogenetic trees are always being revised. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Science is different from other ways of knowing Even our most cherished ideas in science are probationary Ideas can be falsified through experiments or observation The more testing a hypothesis withstands, the more credible it is It’s all about the evidence. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: No true tissues True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: No true tissues True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Radial symmetry No true tissues Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Radial symmetry No true tissues Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Each of the four main branches divides the tree into grades based on body plan. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The old system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The new system: Protostome No body cavity Radial symmetry No true tissues Body cavity Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The new system: Protostome Radial symmetry No true tissues Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The new system: Protostome Radial symmetry No true tissues Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution The new system: Lophotrochozoa (tentacles) Ecdysozoa (exoskeletons) Protostome Radial symmetry No true tissues Bilateral symmetry True tissues Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate Deuterostome Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Most animal phyla originated in the “Cambrian explosion” between 525 million and 565 million years ago. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Most animal phyla originated in the “Cambrian explosion” between 525 million and 565 million years ago. Evolution was so fast during that period that it is difficult to sort out the history. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Causes of the Cambrian explosion: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Causes of the Cambrian explosion: Ecological: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Causes of the Cambrian explosion Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Causes of the Cambrian explosion Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships Geological: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Causes of the Cambrian explosion Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Causes of the Cambrian explosion Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen Genetic: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Causes of the Cambrian explosion Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen Genetic: Changes in the Hox genes which control embryonic development. Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution Three Germ Layers and the Coelom Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution acoelomate pseudocoelomate coelomate protostome coelomate deuterotostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution acoelomate pseudocoelomate coelomate protostome coelomate deuterotostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution acoelomate pseudocoelomate coelomate protostome coelomate deuterotostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution acoelomate pseudocoelomate coelomate protostome coelomate deuterotostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution acoelomate pseudocoelomate coelomate protostome coelomate deuterotostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution acoelomate pseudocoelomate ectoderm mesoderm endoderm coelomate protostome coelomate deuterotostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution acoelomate pseudocoelomate ectoderm mesoderm endoderm coelomate protostome coelomate deuterotostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution acoelomate pseudocoelomate anus ectoderm mesoderm endoderm mouth coelomate protostome mouth anus coelomate deuterotostome Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution