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ANIMAL KINGDOM
On the front of your Animal
Kingdom Book
• Write Title: Animal Kingdom Book
• Write Different Types of Symmetry with
definitions and Pictures
• Types of animals
Symmetry
• Asymmetrical: has no pattern of symmetry. Ex. Sponges
• Radial Symmetry: exhibits a circular arrangement around
a central axis. Ex. Jellyfish, Anemones, Starfish
• Bilateral Symmetry: has only one plane along the
longitudinal axis that will produce identical halves. Ex. All
vertebrates many invertebrates
• Invertebrates- No Backbones
• Vertebrates (Chordates)-Backbones
ANIMAL PHYLOGENY
ANIMAL KINGDOM
INVERTEBRATES
Porifera
Cnidarians
VERTEBRATES
(chordates)
Flatworms
Roundworms
Fish
Mollusks
Annelids
(segmented
Gastropods
worms)
Ectotherms
Amphibians
Arthropods
Endotherms
Reptiles
Birds
Insects
ECHINODERMATA
Bivalves
Cephalopods
Myriapoda
Crustaceans
SEA STARS
SEA CUCUMBERS
SEA URCHINS
Arachnids
SAND DOLLARS
Mammals
Small animals: do not require any special
means to get nutrients and gasses or to
collect wastes because every cell in the
body is near a source of food or the
environment.
Large, Active Animals need: circulatory
systems (open or closed), respiratory
systems, digestive systems, nervous
system and many more
Phylum Porifera
• Sponge Characteristics
– Filter Feeders
– Most have asymmetrical
symmetry
– Most are sessile
(stays in one
-Although sponges have
place all the time)
cells with specialized
-Simplest of all
functions they do not
animals with no
have tissues.
organ systems.
• Sexual Reproduction: hermaphroditism; they
function as one sex for a period of time This
prevents self-fertilization.
• zygote stage develops into a ciliated larva that
swims to a new location.
• Asexual Reproduction: is by fragmentation
and budding.
• 4 classes of sponges
–
–
–
–
Calcite sponges
Glass sponges-silica
Demosponges-silica
Homoscleromorpha- silicia
Draw
Phylum Cnidarians
• Cnidarian Characteristics
– Have radial symmetry
– Tentacles with stinging cells
(nematocysts)
– Two tissue layers; nerve net
• Two body plans
• -sessile stage, polyp (mouth pointing up with
tentacles) Asexual reproduction by budding
• free swimming stage medusa (mouth
pointing down with tentacles (sexual
reproduction)
Medusa
stage
Polyp
stage
5 classes some examples are four classes below:
• True coral, sea anemone, sea pens
• Box jellyfish
• Freshwater hydra, fire coral
• True swimming jellyfish
• Draw
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
• Flatworm characteristics
– Bilateral symmetry
– (have 3 tissue layers)
– has one opening (a sac-like gut) food goes
in waste comes out.
– Long muscles
-Flat bodies
-Brain and nerve cord ladder- like
•
•
Sexual Reproduction and Asexual reproduction
Tapeworms reproduce through proglottids that are
segments
– Free-living and parasites
On Back
• 4 classes 1. Marine worms; planarians 2 &3. Flukes
(two groups)( blood flukes; human liver flukes can
cause disease schistosomiasis) 4. Tapeworms
(require two hosts)
Phylum Nematoda
(Roundworms)
• Roundworm Characteristics
–
–
–
–
Bilateral symmetry
Round tube body with two body openings
3 tissue layers
A simple nervous system a ring of nervous tissue
around the mouth and ladder like down the body
– Free living
– Parasitic: Hookworms, trichinella worm, ascaris
worms
•
•
Phylum Mollusca
Bilateral Symmetry
Soft bodied usually covered by shell
– Muscular foot; Body has more than
two cell layers, tissues and organs, mouth
and anus; Has a nervous system;
most have an open circulatory system with
a heart and an aorta; octopus & squid have
a closed circulatory system; gills for gas
exchange in aquatic, lungs in terrestrial;
Has a pair of kidneys; reproduction normally
sexual
– Three groups of mollusks
1. Gastropods (univalves) –Stomach
-footed (Conchs, whelks,
snails, Slugs)
2. Bivalves
(Plecypod)
Hatchet-footed
Scallops, oysters, clams
cockles
3. Cephalopods -Head-footed
Octopus, squid, nautilus
Phylum Annelida
• Segmented worm characteristics
–
–
–
–
–
Bilateral Symmetry
Segments
Setae to help them move stiff cilia
Two body openings with digestive system
Annelids exhibit specialization of the
digestive tract. Some of these structures are
the pharynx, crop, gizzard, intestine, and
accessory glands.
– Annelids have a closed circulatory system.
– A pair of cerebral ganglia function as a
simple brain.
– Gas exchange occurs across the skin, so
the body must remain moist.
2 Main Groups
Polychaetes- marine worms
Clitellates-Earthworms, leeches
Phylum Arthropoda
• Arthropod characteristics– Bilateral symmetry
– Segmented body and jointed appendages
– Exoskeleton which they have to molt to grow bigger.
-have both compound and simple eyes.
• A well-developed nervous system
• Terrestrial forms have an excretory system that
conserves water
• have an open circulatory system.
• Many arthropods are camouflaged to avoid predators
– Divided into four groups:
1. Insects (6 legs) breathe with spiracles
2. Arachnids (8 legs)(ticks, spiders,
Scorpions, daddy long legs), breathe with
book lungs.
3. Myriapoda (centipedes and millipedes)
1 pair per seg. & 2 pairs per seg.
4. crustaceans (10 Legs), crabs, lobsters,
shrimp, crayfish,
pill bugs (rolly polly)
Phylum Echinodermata
• Echinoderm characteristics
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Most specialized/ Most complex of all invertebrates
Spiny skin
Live on ocean bottom
Radial symmetry
Tube feet with water vascular system
Gills
Nervous system with nerve ring and branches
Feeding varies: filter feeder; some eat algae on bottom;
some are carnivores active hunters, some are detrivores.
– Some can reproduce asexually through regeneration ability to
grow back lost parts
– All can reproduce sexually
Classes are sea stars, brittle stars,
sea urchins, sand dollars and sea
cucumbers
Phylum Chordata
(Vertebrate animals)
• Write on front of flap
• Vertebrate characteristics
– Notochord
– Dorsal hollow nerve cord
– Bilateral symmetry
– Divided into two groups
• Ectotherm-(cold blooded) body temperature
changes with surrounding temperature
• Endotherm-(warm blooded) body temperature is
constant
– Body systems: circulatory, respiratory, muscular,
skeletal, digestive, nervous, reproductive, excretory,
endocrine, immune and integumentary system.
Ectotherms (Cold-blooded)
Classes:
Fish (scales, gills, fins)
1. Jawless fish
2. Cartilaginous fish
3. Bony fish
4. Amphibians
Hibernate and estivate
Live on land, lay jelly-like
eggs in water, Adult
amphibians breathe with lungs on
land and moist skin in water
examples: frogs, toads, salamanders, mud
puppies
5. Reptiles
dry, scaly skin
lay leathery eggs on land
examples: 4 order- turtles, terrapins and tortoise;
snakes and lizards; tuatara;
crocodiles and alligators
Endotherms
(Warm Blooded)
• Two classes:
1. Birds (Aves) (feathers and scales, lay eggs and
incubate them, wings, beaks, hollow bones, lungs)
• Many orders like water birds, flightless birds,
birds of prey, perching birds.
Mammals
– 2. Mammals (have hair or fur, feed young milk through
mammary glands, special teeth, body systems)
• 3 Groups of mammals based on how young develop
1. Monotremes (egg laying)
2. Marsupials (pouched mammal)
• 3. Placental Mammals (embryos develop inside
female, umbilical cord and placenta)
– Divided into 18 orders
• Chiroptera (flying mammals)
– Bats
• Insectivora (long skulls and snouts)
– Moles, shrews, hedgehogs
• Rodentia (chisel-like front teeth)
– Squirrels, beavers, mice, rats
• Perissodactyla (odd number hooves)
– Horses, rhinos and tapirs
• Artiodactyla (even number hooves)
– Pigs, hippos, camels, llamas, deer, giraffes, cattle, goats, sheep,
pronghorn and antelopes
• Carnivora (sharp canine teeth)
– Cats, dogs, wolves, hyenas, raccoons, bears, otters, seals, sea lions,
and walrus
• Proboscidea (nose forms a trunk)
• Sirena (no back legs, front legs
modified into flippers)
-manatees and dugongs
• Xenarthra (have no teeth
and feed on insects)
-three toed sloths, armadillos
• Hyracoidea (have hooves and teeth)
– Hyraxes
• Dermoptera (fangs and wide incisors)
– Flying lemurs
• Pholidota (covered with horny scales)
– pangolins
• Tubulidentata (have four or five teeth)
– aardvark
• Lagomorpha (long hind
legs for jumping)
– Rabbits, hares, pikas
• Scandentia
– Tree shrew
• Macroscelidea
– Elephant shrew
• Cetacea (blowholes,
front-limb flippers)
– Whales and dolphins
• Primates (long arms,
opposable thumb
eyes in front)
– Humans, apes, monkeys