Download Intro To Biology

TAXONOMY
Taxonomy
is. a branch of science that deals
with the classifications of
living things
Carolus Linnaeus
1753
Father of Taxonomy
Three Interrelated Parts of
Taxonomy
• Classification
Arrangement into groups
• Nomenclature
Assignment of Names
• Identification
Determining Identity
Five Kingdom System
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Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Procaryote/Monera
Monera
(Bacteria)
Fungi
1. Absorptive
Chemoheterotrophs
2. Decomposers
Protista
1. Unicellular
2. Autotrophic
or
Heterotrophic
Examples:
Amoeba
Paramecium,
Euglena
Animalia
1. Multicellular
2. Heterotrophs
The 5 Classes of Vertebrates
Reptiles
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They breathe with lungs.
They are cold-blooded.
Their bodies are covered with dry scales.
They lay eggs.
Black snakes, Bearded dragons, Turtles,
Crocodiles, and Alligators are reptiles.
Reptiles
• Geckos and Skinks are unusual reptiles.
• Frogs and Toads are non examples.
Amphibians
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They breathe with lungs and gills.
They are cold blooded.
Their skin is smooth and moist.
Their birth of young is eggs.
The examples are frogs, salamanders, newt,
and mud puppies.
Amphibians
• African clawed frog is a unusual example.
• The lizard is a non-example.
Fish
• They breathe with gills.
• They are cold blooded.
• Their skin is covered with scales and bony
plates.
• They lay eggs and have live births.
• An example of a fish is a gold fish and
sharks.
Fish
• A unusual example would be a sea horse
and an eel.
• A non-example would be a dolphin, whale
and starfish.
Mammals
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Mammals breathe with lungs.
They are warm blooded.
They have hair/fur.
Most give birth to live young.
Some examples are bears, lions, tigers, and
people.
• Some unusual examples bats, whales, and
dolphins
Mammals
• Non-examples are sharks and penguins.
Birds
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Birds breathe with lungs.
They are warm-blooded.
They are covered with feathers.
They give birth to eggs.
Examples of birds would be a red bird,
hawk, and chicken.
• Some unusual birds are the ostrich,
flamingo, and penguin.
Birds
• Some non-examples are the bat and the
dragonfly.
Invertebrates
8 Phyla of Invertebrates
Phylum Porifera (sponges)
• asymmetrical
• Body has canal and pores
• sessile (attached to object, cannot
move)
Phylum Coelenterata (stinging cell)
• Stinging cells and hollow bodies
• tentacles that surround a mouth
Examples:
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Jellyfish
sea anemone
coral
hydras
Phylum Echinodermata
(spiny skin)
• 5 part body
• spines
• Tube Feet (with
Suctions)
• Examples
• Sea star or starfish
Sea urchins, sand dollars
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworm)
• flattened body
• One body opening
• Many are parasites, some are FreeLiving
• Can regenerate
Examples:
• Planaria, Tapeworm
Phylum Nemathelminthes
(Nematoda/roundworm)
• Round bodies with pointed ends
• Males & females are separate
Examples:
• Hookwork
• Ascaris
Phylum Annelida (segmented worm)
• Body divided into segments (with
setae)
• Most are hermaphrodites & free
living
• Examples
Earthworms
Ragworms
Leeches
Phylum Mollusca (soft-bodied)
• Soft body usually protected by a shell
• Body covered by mantle
• Have muscular foot
• Most have separate sexes
• Examples:
snails, slugs, octopus,
cuttlefish, chitons, tusk shells,
oysters, clams, and squids
Phylum Arthropoda (joint-legged)
• Jointed appendages
• Segmented bodies
• Exoskeleton that sheds by molting
• Head, thorax, abdomen are main parts
• Some separate sexes, hermaphrodites,
parthenogenesis
• Examples:
• scorpion, caterpillar,
• shrimp, lobster, crabs, insects
Plantae
1. Multicellular
2. Photoautotrophs
Classifying Plants
Plants
• Plants do not have fur, scales, or blood, so
how are they classified?
Like animals, plants are divided into two
main groups. Then these two groups are
divided into smaller groups.
The ways that plants get their food and the
ways that they create new plants will help
you classify them.
Who studies plants?
A botanist is a scientist who specializes in
the study of plants. They classify plants
based on their characteristics (vascular
and nonvascular).
You could call them “Plant Explorers.”
How are they
classified?
• One way that plants can be classified is by
how they carry water. Plants can either be
Vascular or Nonvascular.
• Vascular means “having tubes”
• Nonvascular mean “not having tubes”
Vascular Plant
Plants that have tubes, roots, stems, and leaves.
These plants stand up tall.
Why are these trees
vascular?
They have tubes, roots, stems, and
leaves.
They also stand up tall.
More Vascular Plants
Nonvascular
Plant
Plants that do not have tubes, roots, stems,
or leaves. These plants soak up water and
food from the soil, like sponges. They are
also much smaller than vascular plants.
Vascular or Non-Vascular?
Vascular or Non-Vascular?
Vascular or Non-Vascular?
Vascular or Non-Vascular?
Vascular or Non-Vascular?