Download Phylums

Plant Experiment
For the first 15 min. of class you must
observe your plants.
– Measure the growth
– Record any color changes, and # of sprouts
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When complete answer the following:
– List the characteristics of members of the
animal kingdom
– Give an example of an animal
Brainstorm
Kingdom Animalia
Preclass
List the characteristics of members of the
animal kingdom
 Give an example of an animal
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~ Characteristics ~
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Multicellular
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Sexual and asexual reproduction
Eukaryotic with no cell walls
Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food
Digestion occurs internally
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–respiration
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Heterotrophs (consumers)
 Have a nervous system to respond to their
environment
Bones
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Vertebrates
– Have a backbone
– Fish, frogs, snakes,
birds, dogs, cats, and
humans
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Invertebrates
– No backbone
– Sponges,
jellyfish,worms, snails,
sea stars, and insects
Eight Types of Invertebrates
Phylums
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Echinodermata- sea stars, sea urchins
Arthropoda- insects, arachnids, crustaceans
Nematoda- round worms
Molluska- squid,snails, bivalves
Annelida- segmented worms
Platyhelminthes- flat worms
Cnidaria- jelly fish
Porifera- sponges
Consumers

Rely on other organisms for energy
– Herbivore
– Omnivore
– Carnivore
– Decomposers***
– Scavenger
Animal Behavior
Learned behavior- learned from
experience
 Innate behavior-doesn’t depend on
learning or experience
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– What are your innate behaviors?
Survival Behavior
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Predators and Prey
– Animals that eat other animals are predators
– Prey is the animal being eaten
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Hiding out
– Camouflage-blending in with the environment
 Ex. Walking stick
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Warning coloration
– Bright = flight
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Troubling Signals
– Bull horns, porcupine quills, spraying of the skunk and
beetle, stinging creatures
Seasonal Behavior

World travelers
– When food is scarce, or during droughts animals
migrate or travel from one place to another
– Ex. Salmon, chimps, birds
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Slowing down
– Some animals hibernate or have a period of inactivity
and decreased body temperature during the winter
time
– Some animals estivate or reduce activity during the
summer when resources are scarce
Biological
Biological clock is an internal control of
natural cycles
 Daily cycles are circadian rhythms
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– Most animals wake at the same time each day
and get sleepy around the same time
Communication
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Includes a signal and response
– Sight, sound, touch, and smell
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Two types
– Courtship
– Territorial
Living in Groups
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Advantages for hunting and escaping
~ Body Plans ~
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Animals that are
irregular in shape are
asymmetrical.
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Animals that are
regular in shape are
symmetrical.
~ Body Plans ~
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An animal has radial symmetry if it
can be divided along any plane,
through a central axis, into equal
halves.
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An animal has bilateral symmetry if
it can be divided down its length
into similar right and left halves
forming mirror images of each other.
Which figure has bilateral symmetry?
Which has radial symmetry?
~ Protection and Support ~
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Though not all animals have a skeleton,
those that do can be divided into two
groups:
– Those with an exoskeleton – a hard,
waxy coating on the outside of the body
that protects internal organs, provides a
framework for support, and a place for
muscle attachment.
– Those with an endoskeleton – support
framework within the body that protects
some organs and a brace for muscles to
pull against.
~Invertebrates~
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8 main phyla
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No backbones
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95% of all animals are in this group
~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
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Sponges
Sexual (hermaphrodite) and Asexual (budding)
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simplest form of animal life
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live in water
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Do not move around
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no symmetry
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Pores (holes) all over body
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5000 species
~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
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Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of
food from water using collar cells and then
pumps the water out the osculum.
~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
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Examples: Tube
Sponge, Glass
Sponge, Sea Sponge
~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
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Live in water
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Most have tentacles
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catch food with stinging cells
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gut for digesting
~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
 2 different
shapes
 Medusa - like a
jellyfish
 Polyp - like a
hydra
~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
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Examples Jellyfish, Hydra,
sea anemones, and
corals
~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Flatworms
 Flat, ribbon-like body
 Live in water or are parasites
 bilateral symmetry
~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples: Planaria
 eyespots detect light
 food and waste go
in and out the same
opening
~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples:
Tapeworm
 Parasite that
lives in intestines
of host
absorbing food
~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples: Fluke
 parasite
 lives inside
of host
~Invertebrate
Phylum Nematoda ~
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Roundworms
– Round, tubular body
– small or microscopic
– bilateral symmetry
– have both a mouth and anus
– Live in water or are parasites
~Invertebrate
Phylum Nematoda ~
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Examples:
– Hookworm
– Trichinella
~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
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Soft bodies
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Hard Shells
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Live on land or in water
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have a circulatory system and a complex
nervous system.
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Important food source for humans
~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Gastropoda
– snails and slugs
– may have 1 shell
– stomach-footed move on stomach
~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Bivalves
– 2 shells hinged
together
– clams, oysters,
scallops and
mussels
~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Cephalopods
–squids and octopuses
–internal mantel
~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
–Segemented worms
– Body divided into
segments(sections)
– Live in water or
underground
– have a nervous and circulatory system
~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
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Class Earthworms
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eat soil and
breakdown
organic matter,
wastes provide
nutrients to soil
~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
Class bristleworms
~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
 Class
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leeches
parasites that feed on blood of other animals
~Invertebrate
Phylum Echinodermata ~
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Hard, spiny skin
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Live in salt water
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Radial symmetry
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name means ‘spiney skinned’
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endoskeleton
~Invertebrate
Phylum Echinodermata ~
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Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar
and sea cucumber
~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
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Body divided into sections/segments
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Exoskeleton
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Jointed legs
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well developed nervous system
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largest group of organisms on earth
~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
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3 subphylums:
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Classified into classes according to the
number of legs, eyes and antennae they
have.
~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
Subphylum Chilicerata
is divided into 3 classes
Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
Merostomata – horseshoe crabs
Pycnogonida – sea spiders
~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class
– Arachnida
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no antennae
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4 pairs of legs
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2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen
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spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks
~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class
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Merostomata
Horseshoe crabs
– Ancient group of species
– Changed little over 350 million years
– Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf
coasts of United States.
~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class
Pycnogonida
– Sea spider
~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea
5 Classes
 Aquatic ones have gills
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2 antennae
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2 body regions or segmented
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Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods
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Many species taste delicious in butter
 Subphylum
Uniramia: 3 classes
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Class Insecta (insects)
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Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)
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Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)
~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class
Insecta
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no antennae
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3 pairs of legs
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2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen
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grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees
~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class
Diplopoda
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Millipedes
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segmented animals
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Have 2 pairs of legs per segment
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Primarily herbivores & decomposers
~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class
Chiopoda
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Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores
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Have 1 pair of antennae
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Are often poisonous, using modified front
claws to immobilize prey
Animals with a backbone and
nervous system
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Vertebrates
What Are Vertebrates?
Animals with a backbone and a skull
 Skeleton made of cartilage
 Largest group of chordates
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– Chordates have 4 special body parts
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Notochord- found in embryos, supports the body
Hollow nerve chord- fluid filled backbone (spinal chord)
Pharyngeal pouches- in embryos, form gills
Tail- may be only in embryo stage
– Two other chordate groups include
 Lancelets and tunicates
Regulating body temperature
Endotherm- maintain same temp. (warmblooded)
 Ectotherm- body temp. fluctuates with
environment
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~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata
5 classes
 Fish
 Mammals
 Reptiles
 Amphibians
 Birds
Fishes
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Describe the three classes of living fish
and give an example of each
Types of Fish
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Cartilaginous Fishes- No bones, include sharks,
skates, and rays
– Covered with denticles to give a rough feeling
– Moveable jaws
– Store oil in liver for floating- Must keep swimming
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Bony Fishes (largest group)- gold fish and tuna
– Skeleton made of bone, covered with boney scales
– Swim bladder helps with floating
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Jawless- lampreys and hagfish, they are eel like
with smooth skin and a jawless mouth.
– They have skull, brain, eyes, and notochord- NO
BACKBONE
Amphibians
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Terms to learn
– Lung
– Tadpole
– metamorphosis
Amphibians
Ectotherms
 Most are frogs or salamanders
 Skin is thin, smooth, and moist
 Double-Life
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– Lay eggs without shells in a wet environment
– Tadpoles can only live in water
– Later they develop into land dwellers
Kinds of Amphibians
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Slamanders
– Modern amphibians- long tailed with 4 legs
– Live in water
– 390 species
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Caecilians
– Shaped like worms and snakes
– Bony scales, most are blind
– Live in tropical areas
Kinds of Amphibians continued…
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Frogs
– 90 % of amphibians are frogs or toads
– Powerful legs for jumping
– Ears, vocal cords, extendable tongue
 Frogs have vocal sac
Reptiles
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Define amniotic egg and therapsid
Characteristics of Reptiles
Thick Dry Skin- Keeps cells from loosing
water by evaporation
 Coldblooded- ectotherms
 Amniotic Egg-has a shell
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– Protection and moisture
– Internal fertilization
Types of Reptiles
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Crocodiles and Alligators
– Carnivores
– Live in water
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Lizards
Snakes
– No legs!
– Carnivores that swallow their eggs whole
– Venomous or Constrictors
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Turtles and tortoises
– Shell
– Turtles live in water or on land
Birds
List the characteristics of birds
 Describe the flight process of birds
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Characteristics of birds
Amniotic eggs
 Endotherms
 Feathers
 Some Fly
 Migration
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Characteristics of Mammals
Mammary Glands
 Endotherms
 Diaphram- helps draw air into a straw
 Specialized teeth
 Fur
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Types of Mammals
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Monotremes- lay eggs, produce milk
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Marsupials- live birth, embryos develop in
a pouch
Types of Mammals…continued
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Placental Mammals
– Embryo stays inside the mother’s body and
develops in the uterus