Download Animal Kingdom Overview

Animal Kingdom
Features that Animals Share
• They are heterotrophs (can not make their
own food)
• Can perform rapid, complex movements
• Multicellular
• Sexually reproduce
• Absence of a cell wall
• Tissues – specialized function
Most Have Symmetry
• Radial symmetry – body parts arranged
around a central axis
• Bilateral symmetry – body design with
distinct right and left halves
• Asymmetrical – irregular in shape
Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
• Multicellular marine animals
• Don’t move (anchored to rocks or the
bottom)
• Asymetrical symmetry
• Internal skeletons of spicules
• Pores that water flows through for feeding
• Single opening for outgoing water
Phylum Cnidarians
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Jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones
Have stinging cells
Marine and freshwater animals
Radial symmetry
Two body forms: polyps and medusa (free
swimming)
• Two layers of cells that are tissues
Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Flatworms
Flat body with single opening
Bilateral symmetry
Many are parasites (live off of another
animal)
• Tapeworms and flukes
Phylum Nematoda
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Roundworms
Tube within a tube body
Two openings (mouth, anus)
Simplest digestive system
Some free living and some parasitic
Hookworms, pinworms, trichinella
Phylum Mollusca
• Bilateral symmetry
• Three part body plan:
– Visceral mass – the organs
– Mantle – an outer layer of heavy tissue
– Foot – muscle used for locomotion
• Organ systems: digestion, excretion,
circulation, respiration, and reproduction
Phylum Mollusca
• Shell
– One – snails
– Two – clams
– None – slug
• Radula – (except bivalves) a rasping
tongue-like organ for scraping
• Cephalopods – most intelligent of
invertabrates
Phylum Mollusca
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Snails
Slugs
Octopus
Squid
Clams
Mussels
Oysters
Phylum Annelida
• Segmented worms
• Fossils found in rock that is 530 million
years old
• Has digestive, excretory, circulatory, and
locomotive organs
Phylum Annelida
• Has a primitive brain
• Has a nerve cord that runs along the
underside
• Have bristles called setae
to help them move
• Earthworms and leeches
Phylum Arthopoda
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Jointed appendages
Segmentation
Head with compound eyes
Exoskeleton (outside)
Respiratory structures
Open circulatory system
Some have wings
Phylum Arthopoda
• Class Diplopoda – millipedes
• Class Chilopoda – centipedes
• Class Insects – 3 segments, 3 legs
– Grasshopper – chewing/biting mandible
– Mosquito – piercing/sucking mandible
– Fly – sponging/lapping mandible
Phylum Arthopoda
• Class Arachnida – 2 segments, 8 legs
– Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
– Carnivores except for mites
– Some are poisonous
Phylum Arthopoda
• Subphylum Crustacae – 2 segments, 5
pairs of legs
– Molt or shed their exoskeleton to grow
– Respiration with gills
– Two pairs of antennae
– Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, pill bugs
Phylum Echinodermata
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Spiny skin
Endoskeleton
Five-part radial symmetry
Water-vascular system
No head or brain
Tube feet
Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea
cucumbers
Phylum Chordata
• Notochord that develops along the back of
the embryo
• Have a single hollow nerve chord down
their back
• Not all develop into backbones
Vertebrates
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Chordates with a backbone
Endoskeleton
Bilateral symmetry
Two pairs of jointed appendages
Complex brains and sense organs
Closed circulatory system with a chambered
heart
• Organ systems: nervous, circulatory, digestive,
respiratory, reproductive, excretory
Vertebrates Classes
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Jawless Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
Bony fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Jawless Fish
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Gill slits
Single loop blood cirulation
No jaws
No scales
No paired fins
Cartilage skeleton
Example: Lamprey
Cartilaginous Fish
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Has a jaw
Has paired fins
Reinforced cartilage skeleton
Rough tooth-like scales
Gill slits
Examples: sharks and rays
Bony fish
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Gill covers
Has a jaw
Has paired fins
Bony skeleton
Lateral line
Swim bladder
Scales
Examples: most fish, 95% of fish
Amphibians
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Adapted to land
Legs
Lungs (some skin breathing)
Double loop circulation
Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently
Need water to reproduce
Eggs are not watertight, no shell
Metamorphosis – tadpole to adult
Ectothermic – body temperatures change
Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders
Reptiles
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Adapted to land
Legs have scales, watertight skin
Lungs
Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently
Eggs have a leathery shell
Ectothermic – body temperatures change
Examples: turtles, lizards
Reptiles
• Dinosaurs were reptiles
• Four living lines:
– Turtles
– Snakes and lizards
– Crocodiles and alligators
– Tuataras
Birds
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Largest group of terrestrial vertebrates
Beaks
Wings
Hollow bones
Feathers
Scales on their legs
Endodermic – constant body temperature
Eggs have hard, watertight shells
Birds
• Beaks and legs differ according to use:
– Birds of prey
– Songbirds
– Water birds
– Flightless birds
Mammals
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Hair
Diverse and specialized teeth
Endothermic
Mammary glands
Unborn young nourished by a placenta
Mammals
• Reproduce in three ways:
– Monotremes – Lay eggs then feed milk
– Marsupials – Feed in a pouch
– Placental – Unborn young nourished by a
placenta
Placental Mammals Orders
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Rontentia – mice, guinea pigs
Chiroptera – bats
Insectivora – shrew
Carnivora – flesh-eating
Pinnipedia – marine carnivores
Primate – monkeys and apes
Placental Mammals Orders
• Artiodactyla – split hooves
• Perissodactyla – odd number of toes,
horses
• Cetacea – whales and dolphins
• Lagomorpha – rabbits
• Sirenia – manatees
• Probiscidea – elephants