Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Invertebrates Chapter 29 and 30 Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Roundworms, mollusks, annelids Animal Kingdom Characteristics - multicellular - eukaryotic - heterotrophs - movement - tissues Body Plans - Bilateral Symmetry- equal halves in one direction Radial Symmetry •- 360 degrees; equal halves - Asymmetry- cannot cut in equal halves Body Development - Ectoderm- outside body layer- skin and hair - Endoderm- inside body layer- digestive tract - Mesodermmiddle layer- muscles, blood and organs - Types of Body Cavities: 1. Coelom- true body cavity - surrounded by mesoderm -2. Pseudocoelom- false cavity - between mesoderm and endoderm 3. Acoelomate No body cavity. Let’s Review. What type of symmetry is this? What type of symmetry? Symmetry? - Vertebrates- animals with backbones - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - Invertebrates- animals without backbones - sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, worms, echinoderms, arthropods Sponges: Phylum Porifera Asymmetrical – no symmetry No tissues or organs (cells work together to perform a specific function 2 body layers: endo-, ectoSessile – do not move Variety of shapes and colors Acoelemate – no body cavity Variety of Sponges Digestion of sponges Sponges are consumers Feed on bacteria, algae, protozoans (filter feeders) Sponge digestion continued: Reproduction Either sexual or asexual Asexual- fragmentation- each piece of sponge will grow into a complete new sponge Sexual- hermaphrodite- produce both eggs and sperm- release into water at different times-sperm from one enters pores of other to fertilize eggs- External fertilization Reproduction continued Produces a zygote- free swimming larvae for a short time- attaches to surface- new sponge Cnidarians- the stingers Coral Characteristics of Cnidarians Two Types: Polyp – sessile, tube-like with tentacles ex. Coarl, sea anemone Medusa – free swimming, umbrella shaped Jellyfish Has tissues – ecto-, endoNematocysts – stinging cells on tentacles Radial symmetry acoelamate B How Cnidarians Get O2? Diffusion Have nervous tissue. Reproduction Asexual- budding- small extensions of body grow and then breaks away from parent Sexual-some species are hermaphrodites Others, female releases egg and male releases sperm into water- External fertilization hydra Portugese Man of War (colony) Jelly fish Sea anemone Sea Anemones Coral reef Coral reefs Structure See diagram – oldest part is deeper. Newest is toward the top. Live symbiotically with unicellular yellow brown algaezooxanthellae Benefit of Symbiotic Relationship: Coral gets: food (coral can also capture food with tentacles) Algae gets: Protection and access to sunlight Coral Bleaching When coral ejects it’s algae- coral turns white Coral doesn’t get enough food- dies Coral bleaching due to: Diseases Increased Ultra violet radiation Sedimentation Pollution Increased water temperatures Direct destruction by humans- anchors, touching while diving Bleached coral Flatworms Acoelomate Bilateral symmetry Platyhelminthes – flatworms Characteristics of flatworms: Can be parasitic, or free living 1 body opening Hermaphrodites or asexual reproduction by regeneration: breaking in 2, and each becomes a new organism Get O2 through skin- diffusion Tapeworm Body Two parts: Scolex – head Proglottids – body sections Attach to inside of intestines Parasite Ex. Beef tapeworm: become infected by eating raw beef. Getting Beef tapeworm: Blood fluke - causes Schitomiasis Planeria Eyespots- light Pharynx- extends like a straw, releases enzymes- breaks down food , sucks it up Sensory pits on side of head, detect food, chemicals, and movement Ability to regenerate planeria 29-4 Roundworms Pseudocoelum Tube within a tube body 2 body openings Move in a side to side manner parasites Ex. Ascaris - hookworm Carried through human waste to soil If ingested eggs enter large intestine – becomes larvae Larvae bore through blood vessels Back to the intestine to mate Ascaris in pig intestine Trichinella – pork roundworm Causes Trichinosis Eating improperly cooked pork Lymphatic Filariasis Mollusks and Annelids Chapter 30 Mollusks Characteristics Invertebrates Larval stage Marine, freshwater, terristrial coelomates Mollusks have 3 parts to body: Visceral mass – contains organs Mantle – tissue around visceral mass (secretes a shell) Foot - locomotion Other Mollusk characteristics: Exoskeleton Sometimes called a valve Outer skeleton •Radula (not in bivalves) Tongue-like structure Organ systems of mollusks: Excretory – get rid of waste: Open Circulatory System –heart pumps fluid through a series of vessels out into body cavity Organ Systems of Mollusks Reproduction – most have separate sexes, external fertilization Respiration – use gills 30-2 Groups of Mollusks Bivalves – “two valves” Valves held together by strong muscles No radula Filter feeders Examples: clams, oysters, scallops Bivalve Photos Gastropods Examples are snails and slugs Single shell or none Use radula to scrape food off of rocks etc Land snails – hermaphrodites, aquatic snails – separate sexes Herbivores Gills or lungs? Cephalopods – “head footed” Examples: squid, octopus Large head with tentacles Eyes Marine predators (consumers) Ink sac – for protection Internal shell – pen Brain present – complex Skin can change color gills Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Examples: earthworms, leeches, sandworms Segmented body Coelum Bilateral symmetry Abundant in all habitats Organ Systems in Segmented Worms Closed circulatory system Excretory system – nephridia Breath through skin Bristles – setae Reproduction – hermaphrodites Digestion of Earthworm Pathway of food: Pharynx – soil enters Esophagus Crop-storage Gizzard- muscular for grinding soil Intestines – absorption anus Groups of Annelids Marine segmented worms Leeches