Download Statistics for Research In Ecology

By : Hiba
Khalil
1010
Average Length of sharp nosed shark
1000
990
980
#
O
f
S
h
a
r
k
s
970
960
950
940
930
920
Male
Gender of sharks
Female
Sea Turtles
Survival of the sea turtles
25
20
# of turtles
15
10
5
0
Blue
Yellow
Green
Color of the sea turtles
Red
Orange
Percentage Of BOTTLE CAP
Percentage of bottle cap colors
other
4%
orange
1%
yellow
3%
red
14%
clear
31%
blue
14%
white
16%
green
9%
black purple
8% 0%
Color
Sea Cigar
Sea Cigar Graph
14
12
10
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
8
6
4
2
0
''1-5''
''6-10''
''11-15''
''16-20'''
Size Interval ( in cm. )
''21-25''
''26-30''
Definition of Probability
• Probability is a way to measure chances that
something will occur in relation to the
possible alternatives.
• The Temperature of the water can affect the
Probability of Coral Survival (18°C23°C/74°F-84°F) .The depth of the water
where the Coral is found can affect the Coral.
The corals are found no deeper than5070M.The wave action of the waves can affect
the Corals. If the coral has no emergence to
air. If the Coral does not have access to light
the Coral can die.
Variance
• Variance – Two values that are used in
statistics to describe how far away you are
from the mean.
• Variance is different than mean because for
the mean you are finding the average and the
variance is how much variation exists around
the average.
Theoretical Distribution of 25 sea cigar length
3
Frequency
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
5
Theoretical Distribution Curve (TDC)
A theoretical or ideal picture of a distribution based
upon random sampling.
10
15
Length of sea cigar
lengths ( in cm)
20
25
T-test
• The T-test equation you will use to
calculate the T-statistic is one designed
to test whether there is a significant
difference between the means of two
independent samples, those of your
treatment (1) and control groups (2).
The T-Test contains the:
Mean
Variance
Probability (Less than 0.05)
The number
Degree of freedom (DF)
Chi-Square Test
• Since p <.05 we reject the null hypothesis, and accept the
alternative hypothesis therefore there is a significant
difference in survival rates between beach sites.
• The Chi-Square test can be used to see if there are significant
differences data sites or sources.
• Effects On Baby Sea Turtle Hatchlings
Good Effects
The beach is a
clean beach.
Human do
not harm
any eggs
and protect
the beach.
Bad Effects
No predators are
near the beach .
There is no light to
make the mama turtle
think it’s the moon.
The beach is not a
clean beach.
Human destroy
the eggs. Ex.
Walking on the
eggs and driving
on the eggs etc.
Many Predators eat
the eggs of the
turtles.
There is a city that
has so much
lighting .
We cannot reject the
null Hypothesis
because there is no
difference.
The t-test gave us
0.268386.
Control
Group
TOTAL
DAYS
TREATMEN TOTAL
T GROUP
DAYS
C1
23
T1
20
C2
23
T2
23
C3
20
T3
23
C4
23
T4
DIED
C5
20
T5
23
C6
20
T6
23
C7
19
T7
23
C8
23
T8
23
C9
23
T9
21
C10
23
T10
23
C11
23
T11
23
C12
21
T12
23
C13
21
T13
20
C14
23
T14
23
C15
23
T15
23