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Human Relations
Unit 3
Communication
(3.1)—12 Terms to Know
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Defense Mechanisms
You Messages
Boundaries
Assertive
Tact
Feedback
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Body Language
Conflict
I Messages
Communication
Empathy
Compromise
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Using good communication skills to
express how one thinks & feels--
Assertive
• 1.
2.
Communication through body movements
& gestures--
Body Language
• 2.
3.
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Something that indicates a border or
limit; people can establish boundaries in
personal & professional settings--
Boundaries
• 3.
4.
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Process of sending & receiving
messages to share thoughts & feelings--
Communication
• 4.
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Coming to an agreement in which each
person gives up something in order to get
what they both want--
Compromise
• 5.
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Any struggle, disagreement, or fight--
Conflict
• 6.
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Methods people unconsciously use to
deal with life’s situations; used to hide or
balance one’s feelings or actions--
Defense Mechanisms
• 7.
8.
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The ability to understand what someone
else is experiencing--
Empathy
• 8.
9.
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A return message in response to a
communication; comments about, or
corrections to an action, process or
presentation--
Feedback
• 9.
10.
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A means of communication in which a
person says how he or she feels about
something rather than criticizing someone
else--
I Messages
• 10.
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Statements that attack a person & send
messages that judge, command, or blame
the other person--
You Messages
• 11.
12.
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A careful consideration in dealing with
others to avoid giving offense--
Tact
• 12.
(3.2)—Discuss types of
communication-• 1. Verbal—Using words to send & receive
messages
• 2. Nonverbal—Using gestures, facial
expressions, eye contact & body
movements to send messages
3. Listening• 1. Active—Indicating to the sender that you
heard the message & you understand (nod,
smile, eye contact)
• 2. Passive—Listener simply takes in the words
& offers no sign of hearing or understanding the
message
• 3. Feedback—Sender knows you listened
because you are responding
• 4. Careless—pick out bits & pieces of
conversation & does not listen to the rest
(selective)
Listening…
• 5. Narrow—Hear only what they want to
hear
• 6. Defensive—Read meanings into what
is said—they feel they are being attacked
• 7. Empathy—You understand how that
person feels & why—without sharing those
feelings at the same time
(3.2.1)—Demonstrate examples of
verbal & non-verbal
communication• *Demonstrate
(3.3)—Explain levels of
communication-• *Each level varies with your desire to expose
yourself to another person
• 5. Cliché—Weakest level—Words with little
meanings—you are not involved
• 4. Response—Draw out very little from others or
yourself—you question the other person
• 3. Sharing—Show some willingness to share
your ideas
• 2. Emotion—Become very open to another
person as you share your feelings & emotions
1. Complete Openness-• Honesty exist between two people
• They accept each other for what they
really are
• Have courage to express their deepest
feelings to each other
• Each wants to understand how the other
person feels & why=total communication!
(3.3.1)—Categorize communication
levels
• (cliché, response, sharing, emotion &
complete openness)
• *Literacy
(3.3.2)—Identify what levels of
communication are appropriate for
• Various audiences & social situations• *Literacy
(3.4)—Identify barriers to effective
communication-•
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Your appearance
Passive listening
Inappropriate body
language
• No eye contact
• Gender
• Language--Slang
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Interrupting
Withdrawal
You Messages
Prejudice
Stereotypes
Gossip
Definitions
• Prejudice: Attitudes based on false or
insufficient information
• Stereotypes: Widely held beliefs that all
members of a group share the same
characteristics
(3.4.1)—Find solutions to deal with
possible barriers to effective
communication
• (gender, language/slang, culture,
interrupting, withdrawal, prejudice,
stereotypes, & gossip)
• *Literacy
(3.5)—Illustrate ways to improve
communication-•
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Build a trust fund—keep your promises
Choose good time to communicate
Be honest with others
Watch your “tone” of voice—avoid
sarcastic remarks
• Use I-messages & eye contact
• Know when to throw in the towel
• Drop the issue for the time being
(3.5.1)—Develop ways to improve
communication-•
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(using “I”, “You”, & “ We” messages)
Express your feelings honestly
Say no without feeling guilty or apologetic
Stand up for your own beliefs without attacking
beliefs of others
• Express yourself without trying to put others
down
• Admit your anger & express it directly to the
appropriate person—without physical or verbal
abuse
(3.5.2)—Analyze the effect of
communication on relationships-• *Literacy
(3.5.3)—Make use of the FCCLA
Star Events: Illustrated Talk-• *Assignment--Project
(3.6)—Identify the various effects of
technology on communication-•
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Speed
Ease
Economical
Shifted from an industrial society to an
information society
• We are expected to gather & exchange
information using sophisticated equipment
• Can be used to communicate with each
other
Technology…
• Sometimes compete with family activities
& social events
• Should not be used to replace valuable
one-on-one contact with each other
(3.6.1)—Analyze the benefits of
using technology to communicate
• (speed, ease, economical, etc)
(3.6.2)—Analyze drawbacks of
using technology to communicate-• (misinterpretation, safety, less personal,
grammar, etc)
• Misinterpretation
• Safety
• Less personal
• Grammar
(3.7)—Discuss sources of conflict
• 1. Peers
• 2. Parents
• 3. Authority
(3.7.1)—Explain issues that could
create conflict
• (differences of opinion, generational
issues, bullying, hazing, respect, cliques,
etc)
• Differences of opinion
• Generational issues
• Bullying—Infliction of physical, verbal, or
emotional abuse on another person
(violence)
Conflicts…
• Hazing—Social group’s intentional
infliction of physical or emotional abuse on
prospective group members as price for
acceptance by the group
• Respect
• Cliques—Narrow, exclusive group of
people held together by common interests,
views, purposes
(3.8)—Identify positive conflict
resolution techniques-•
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(mediation)
1. Gather information—Risk free communication
2. Define the problem—Restate the facts
3. Identify alternative solutions—of both
4. Identify a possible solution—negotiation
5. Reach an agreement
6. Legal means
(3.8.1)—Examine the process of
conflict resolution
• (gather information, define the problem,
identify alternative solutions, identify
possible solutions, reaching an
agreement)
• *Literacy
(3.8.2)—Recommend methods of
resolving conflict
• (Role playing, copying methods, agree to
disagree)
Positive ways to resolve conflicts
• Use words—not fists (use your mind not
force)
• Resolve to not use violence
• Choose a quiet place to talk
• Take turns talking—keep an open mind
• Show respect
• Control your voice—staying calm shows
strength & character
(+)
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Speak the truth
Control your tongue
Use effective body language
Value your own safety
Keep yourself “in control”—Keep Cool
Change the subject, if possible
Don’t be easily irritated
(3.9)—Identify negative conflict
resolution techniques-•
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Anger
Aggression
Intimidation
Violence
(3.9.1)—Research Sigmund
Freud’s theory of defense
mechanisms & apply to real world
• Situations—
• 1. Direct Attack—Attack the source of threat
• 2. Compensation—Using a substitute method to
achieve a desired goal
• 3. Rationalization—Explaining your weakness &
failure by giving socially acceptable excuses
• 4. Projection—When you blame others for your
failures
• 5. Displacement—Transfer an emotion
connected with one person or thing to an
unrelated person or thing
Defense Mechanisms…
• 6. Conversion—Transfer the energy of a desire
you cannot express into a physical symptom or
complaint
• 7. Regression—Revert back to a less mature
stage of development
• 8. Idealization—Valuing something far more
than it is worth
• 9. Daydreaming—Accomplish in their
imagination what they cannot accomplish in
reality
• 10. Giving Up—Discouraged—negative attitude