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Communication The Art of Interacting with others Forms of Communication Cathy would like to describe her graduation ceremony to her aunt who lives in Australia. Think of two ways in which she could do this After the graduation, Cathy wants to describe to her brother how some of the girls walked up to collect their certificate. What do you think she would do? Forms of Communication Verbal • Requires words • May be speech or writing Conversation • Face-to-face • Telephone Letter Email Text message Fax Messenger/chat Forms of Communication Non-Verbal • Relies on elements other than speech or writing • Is just as important as non-verbal communication Body language (gestures, posture, facial expression) Use of space Use of objects Dress Graphics (charts, tables, diagrams) Integrating forms for specific purposes (role play, simulation) FORM and CONTEXT The specific FORM of communication is, or should be, intimately related to the CONTEXT in which it is used One element of our COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE is our ability to get our message across accurately Contexts of Communication In order to evaluate the appropriateness or effectiveness of a communication act, we must first understand its context. Communication does not occur in a vacuum. It occurs within a CONTEXT The circumstances of a communicative act are referred to as the CONTEXT of communication Contexts of Communication You have to give a speech in each of the following situations. Consider the adjustments that you would have to make to your presentation • To a panel of interviewers where you are applying for a job • To a group of standard two students in their assembly hall • To an oral examiner in a small examination room • To a group of persons opposing your ideas • On national television • On radio Contexts of Communication Who is present, or who is being addressed. What do you need to consider here? The general attitude of your audience. Why is this important? Where the communication takes place. What are the factors that should influence your communicative decisions? Contexts of Communication Context may be FORMAL • Certain societal norms are evident and there are perceived patterns of behaviour NON-FORMAL/INFORMAL • Individuals or groups are not constrained by specified ways in which communication would normally take place Contexts of Communication Intrapersonal- Thinking, solving problems, imagining/imaging Interpersonal – interviews, conversations, intimate communication Small group – leadership meeting, brain-storming, prayer meeting Contexts of Communication Organizational – business, government, official purposes, educational Academic – essay, research paper, doctoral thesis Public – speeches, debates Intercultural – communicating across social sub-group, in tourism Contexts of Communication Match the scenarios with the most appropriate form of verbal communication Form of Communication A. A written notice/poster B. A skit C. A written note D. A television/radio address E. A telephone call F. A short talk
