Download Ch 32 The Effect of Communication

Chapter 32
Effect of Communication
Communication
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN INFANTS
Bonding is the name given to
the strong emotional tie that
forms between parents and
their newborn baby.
(attachment is a strong
emotional tie that the baby
feels towards its primary
carers.
The graph opposite shows
the results of a survey where
new mothers were asked to
indicate which side of the
body they held their babies to.
The majority of mothers
whether left-handed or righthanded held their babies with
the left arm pressing the baby
against the heart. It is thought
that the familiar rhythm of the
heartbeat gives comfort.
Non-Verbal Communication in
Infants
• The newborn baby’s means of communication
e.g.crying, clinging and suckling help to trigger in
a mother the desire to protect and provide for
the child.
• When breast-feeding can be easily established it
provides a satisfying bond between mother and
baby and strengthens the bond
• If the baby or mother is struggling with
breastfeeding then tension and anxiety occurs
and bottle-feeding is best.
Smiling
As the infant grows older an increased vocabulary of
sounds and signals develop between baby and parents.
This leads to development of speech
Non- Verbal Communication in
Adults
• Humans transmit information to one
another through non-verbal
communication to try and either
emphasise the verbal message or add to
the information being sent. It may even
send emotional messages that contradict
the spoken word.
Examples of Non-Verbal
Communcation
• 1.Facial expressions
• 2.Using eyes in various movements (e.g.
winking, eyes popping )
• 3.Eye Contact
• 4.Body language
• 5.Encroaching on a person’s personal
space
FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS
Women are generally
better than men at
correctly recognising
the emotion
represented by a facial
expression
Cartoonist’s use of Facial
Expressions
Facial
expression
is one of
happiness
Facial
expression
is one of
anger and
frustration
Using the Eyes in Various
Movements
When the process of looking normally
at another person continues beyond
a period of time required for
information gathering, the signals
become loaded with further meaning
Person A (male) wants to catch
the attention of person B
(female). One way is to catch
the person’s eye.
If person B wishes to
signal that she is not
interested she avoids
person A’s gaze. The male
will either give up or persist
If the male persists, the
female may decide to
adopt an angry defiant
stare to signal rejection
or if she allows him to
make eye contact then
conversation may follow
Looking during Conversation
Eye Contact
Body Language
• People are often unaware of the extent to
which they use their bodies to
communicate with one another nonverbally. Such body language is expressed
by posture, gestures and other activities
Other Gestures with Meaning
GESTURE
MEANING
Pointing and curling the
finger at a person
Drumminng fingers on desk
or fidgeting
Come over
Wringing hands
anguish
Clenched fists
anger
Folding of arms
Preparing for confrontation
or sometimes withdrawal
Stress or nervousness
Nail-biting or hair-chewing
Tension or boredom
Personal Space
The Effect of Physical Proximity on
Eye Contact
Transfer of Information
Universal Understanding
Verbal Communication- Mode of
Delivery
• Tone, Accent, emphasis, speed of delivery
and timing of speech are auditory signals
which depend on spoken language for
their existence. They often indicate the
person’s frame of mind. A monotonous
voice suggests fatigue and boredom;
loudness can indicate anger; high speed
often signals excitement or nervousness.
Language
Production and Comprehension
The possession of a
language enables
humans to manipulate
and sort out
information
(represented by
symbols) into ordered
groupings (e.g.
sentences.) For the
languages to remain
‘alive’, the members of
society must produce
and comprehend it as
shown in the simple
example opposite