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Source
Message
Channel
Linear Model
Receiver
Receiver
Source
Message
Channel
Feedback
Interactional Model
Receiver
7 Elements of the Communication
Process
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Source
Message
Channel
Receiver
Feedback
Context
Noise
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Formulates message
Information/emotion
Means to send
Receives, interprets
Response
Setting
Interference
Sender
Formulates message
 Decides which channel to employ
 Can also be called:
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– Encoder
– Speaker
– Writer, editor, reporter
Message
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Information and or emotion sender
wishes to convey
Channel
The means through which sender sends
message.
 Only two human channels:
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– Verbal—using words or language whether
written or spoken
– Nonverbal—using means other than words
or languages
Receiver
Receives, interprets and responds to
messages
 Can also be called:
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– Decoder
– Audience
– Reader, viewer, subscriber
Feedback
The response to a message is called
feedback.
 ? Added the feedback loop in 19?
 No response is also a response.
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Context
The environment or setting in which a
communication event occurs.
 Three dimensions:
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– Where—physiological
– When—temporal
– Why—social-psychological
Noise
Anything that interferes with the
transmission of a message.
 Can be any of the 5 senses.
 Two basic types:
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– External
– Internal
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Physiological
Psychological
Noise
Source
Channel
Message
Context
Feedback
Model of the Communication Process
Receiver
Six Types of
Human Communication
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Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
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Small Group
Public Speaking
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Mass
Mediated
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One person
Two people
Three to ?
One to many
One to many
One to one/group