Download Peter Burnhill – EDINA - Resource Discovery Taskforce

Morning After The Night Before
Is the future what it used to be?
For pre-viewing …
[Taken from presentations given to JISC and to the ASA Conference ..]
Peter Burnhill
Director, EDINA National Data Centre,
University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK
[email protected]
Role in scholarly communication …
EDINA’s mission: to enhance productivity in research, learning and teaching
In mid-90s, we planned a future, based on host to key A&I Databases:
•
•
•
Art Abstracts, Art Retro Index, PAIS, MLA, EconLit , Palmer’s Index to Times
Agdex, BIOSIS, CAB-Agriculture, CSA Environment, Land, Life & Leisure
Ei Compendex, INSPEC

Served most of UK academic market for those

But ‘Content Gold Rush’ as rights holders took back licences
• Stampede for retail frontage with links to full text and other portals
Re-making role …
• From Discovery to Delivery
•
•
•
[project activity with Mimas: Copac & Zetoc]
Suncat, UK national union catalogue of serials
National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use
Investigating analysis of usage data / e-journals register [see PEPRS below]
• Open Access; Access Management
•
•
The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility
Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money)
•
•
•
Pioneered use of Shibboleth for JISC and developed pilot federation (SDSS)
Technical (metadata) support for UK Access Management Federation (with JANET)
JISC Expert Group on Identity & Access Management
• Continuing access and preservation of journal content
•
•
•
•
Access Host for CLOCKSS, with U of Edinburgh as Archive Node
Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative
Piloting an e-journals preservation registry (PEPRS), with ISSN-IC
Post-cancellation access via NESLi2 (PeCAN), with JISC Collections
having also diversified into GeoSpatial (GoGeo) and Multimedia (VSM Portal)
‘resources’; and support for JISC with e-learning/OER
•
Jorum for learning and teaching materials (long term partner with Mimas)
A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication
Author
writes to be recognised by peer community
&
for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’
purposes
… perhaps to be read
Key User (Reader) Verbs:
Discover
Locate
Request
Access
article of interest
service on those articles
permission to use service
to service/article
article is the
‘information object of
desire’
Reader
Scholarly Communication
(focus on article–length work published in journals)
Author
(article)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Libraries and Publishers provide
framework …
the traditional
‘middleware’/infrastructure’
... with Licence(s) for electronic
(online) and print (on-shelf)
Licence
£
Library
(serial)
Reader
(article)
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Scholarly Communication
(focus on article–length work published in journals)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Libraries and Publishers provide
framework …
the traditional
‘middleware’/infrastructure’
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
... with Licence(s) for electronic
(online) and print (on-shelf)
Licence
£
Library
(serial)
Scholarly Communication
(Access to article–length work)
Value-add £
services
Licensed
Online
Access
Publisher
article
serial
issue
F
o
r
m
a
£
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
ILL/
docdel
Licence
Institutional
arrangement
Library
(serial)
Reader
(article)
Cloud Activity: (1) An Ever-present Cloud of Peers
Author
(article)
peer
review
learned
society
Licensed
Online
Access
Publisher
article
serial
issue
peer
exchange
F
o
r
m
a
£
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
ILL/
docdel
Licence
Institutional
arrangement
Library
‘invisible college’
Reader
(article)
Peer-to-Peer Communication
F
o
r
m
a
£
Author
(article)
peer
review
learned
society
peer
exchange
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Licence
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
Institutional
arrangement
Library
(serial)
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
Scholarly Communication
Author
(article)
peer
review
learned
society
article
serial
issue
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
ILL/
docdel
peer
exchange
Licence
‘Open Access’
E-prints
free2web access
Licensed
Online
Access
repositories
Publisher
F
o
r
m
a
£
repositories
Institutional
arrangement
££
Library
(serial)
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
Shared Challenge about Assured and Continuing Access
Long term
digital preservation
Author
(article)
E-prints
peer
review
learned
society
Continuity
of access
Publisher
repositories
article
serial
issue
peer
exchange
Licensed
Online
Access
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
ILL/
docdel
Licence
E-prints
free2web access
F
o
r
m
a
£
repositories
Institutional
arrangement
Library
(serial)
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
Forecasting change for the traditional model?
Author
(article)
Publisher
* All is Licensed, whether for:
•Open Access
•Privileged of Membership Access
•Payment of Cash Access
article
serial
issue
Licence*
Library
(serial)
Reader
(article)
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
(2) Peer2Peer Pressure Cloud
Author
(article)
F
o
r
m
a
£
Publisher
article
serial
issue
learned
society
Licence
peer
review
Institutional
arrangement
Library
(serial)
peer
exchange
free2web access
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
(3) Cumulus Web Formation, will come to dominate
Author
(article)
F
o
r
m
a
£
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Licence
Institutional
arrangement
Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic
web mash-ups,
Blogs. RSS feeds,
Wikis
free2web access
Library
(serial)
Role of
Institutional
Repositories?
peer
exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
(4) The Challenge in forecasting futures
F
o
r
m
a
£
Value-add £
services
Author
(article)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Role of
learned
society?
Publisher
engagement
Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic
web mash-ups,
Blogs. RSS feeds,
Wikis
free2web access
peer
exchange
Open
peer
review?
Licence
E
c
Library
o
(serial)
n
Role of
Institutional o
Institutional
arrangement m
Repositories
y
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
?
Reader
(article)
What network-level choice?
For (resource) discovery?
•
Does Internet mean Google [full product range],
Science Direct [and equivalent commercial offerings]?
•
What is the contribution at the national level?
•
•
For journal content and other literature?
For other resources, eg geo-spatial, learning materials, etc
For (resource) locate, request and access?
•
Some resources are ‘open’, others require authorisation:
do we plan structure for both?
– Delivery of product and services ‘at the network level’
– Delivering service (collecting revenue - directly or indirectly)
at the nation state, consortium or institutional level?
17
Scholarly Communication
(Focus on formal (£) economy for licensed online access to article–
length work published in journals)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
ScienceDirect,
Scopus, etc
[licensed]
access to
article online
GoogleScholar
Licence =
authorisation
Serials
managers
OpenURL
Resolver
Library
(serial)
OPAC
A&I
‘discover’
LibPortal
‘locate/access’
authentication
UKAMFed
Shibboleth/Athens
‘request’
Reader
(article)
Scholarly Communication
Publisher
(Institutional & JISC Components)
article
serial
issue
NESLi2
A&I
Licence=
authorisation
eg WoK, CABI
OPACs
Serials
managers
OpenURL
Resolver
Library
(serial)
eg JSTOR
IoPArchive
LibPortal
authentication
licensed
access to
article online
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
F
o
r
m
a
£
‘discover’
‘request’
‘locate/access’
Reader
(article)
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
Scholarly Communication [historical]
(Four projects funded by the JISC as ‘JOIN-UP’: with focus access to
article–length work published in journals)
A&I
zetoc
Licence
Xgrain: GetRef
Library
(serial)
Docusend: non-BL docdel
‘discover’
licensed
access to
article
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Zblsa: GetCopy
‘locate’
Reader
(article)
F
o
r
m
a
£
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
Scholarly Communication
(Historical: JOIN-UP Project Outcomes)
A&I
zetoc
Licence
GetRef
Open URL
resolver
Library
(serial)
m2m
GetRef for
articles in Institutional &
Subject Portals
GetCopy
‘discover’
National OpenURL Router
licensed
access to
article
‘locate’
OpenURL Resolvers:‘appropriate copy’
national OpenURL router: ‘appropriate resolver’
Reader
(article)
Scholarly Communication
(JISC/RSLP establishes SUNCAT as UK serials union catalogue)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
ISSN
Register
CONSER
DOAJ
other than in local OPAC
SUNCAT
Licence
1. Locate & discover serials held in UK
70 largest libraries
2. Upgrade OPACs
have good bib. records
2
3. metadata on
electronic access
subscriptions/deals
NISO/Onix/DLF(ERMI)
licensed
access to
article
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
OPACs
UK research libraries
(national, university & specialist)
Serials
managers
‘discover’
‘locate’
Reader
(article/serial)
Scholarly Communication
(Bringing JISC-funded components together with bought-in 3rd party products)
DOAJ
ISSN
Register
Licence
ETOCs
A&I
zetoc
SUNCAT
Serials
managers
GetRef
OPACs
Open URL
resolver
Library
(serial)
authentication
‘discover’
m2m
‘locate’
‘request’
licensed
access to
article
‘access’
GetCopy
National OpenURL Router
Reader
(article)
Scholarly Communication:
inter-working; use of what others provide; what is missing: Journals Portal?
article
serial
issue
Onix
DOAJ
A&I
ETOCs
ISSN Register
Licence
peer
review
learned
society
Xref
Publisher
zetoc
Copac,
WorldCat,
Other
Catalogues
SUNCAT
Serials
managers
Open URL
resolver
OPACs
CONSER
Library
(serial)
GetRef
CLOCKSS
‘discover’
‘locate’
Intute Search
licensed access
to article
M as new
Reader
Reader
(article)
GoogleScholar/Facebook/spaces
‘open access’
to article
IRs
OpenDOAR
the Depot
what visions have others had?
25
1) a comprehensive electronic journal system
•
“Recent technological advances … developed largely independently of ..
scientific and technical communication, will provide all the components”
– word-processing equipment [and] personal computers for the preparation of
articles .. will benefit publishers who can handle electronic output. …
– telecommunications infrastructure is already available …
•
“Should a National Periodical Center come into existence,
– [it] would be ideally situated to take advantage of any electronic output from
publishers.
– it could assist in the distribution functions now handled exclusively by publishers.
Libraries and smaller publishers .. would benefit.
•
“This … is highly desirable and currently achievable … within next 20 years,
– a majority of articles will be handled [in part this way] but not all articles will be
… Much-read articles may still be distributed in paper form”
26
1) a comprehensive electronic journal system [1978]
•
“Recent technological advances … developed largely independently of
… scientific and technical communication, will provide all the components”
– word-processing equipment [and] personal computers for the preparation of
articles .. will benefit publishers who can handle electronic output. …
– telecommunications infrastructure is already available …
•
“Should a National Periodical Center come into existence,
– [it] would be ideally situated to take advantage of any electronic output from
publishers.
– it could assist in the distribution functions now handled exclusively by publishers.
Libraries and smaller publishers .. would benefit.
•
“This … is highly desirable and currently achievable … within next 20 years,
– a majority of articles will be handled [in part this way] but not all articles will be
… Much-read articles may still be distributed in paper form”
•
“some at NSF were disappointed because other studies forecast much
quicker implementation”
Donald King: study in 1978, published in 1981, reviewed in 1983
‘Scientific journals in the United States: Their production, use and economics’,
King, McDonald and Roderer, 1981 Out of Print.
Review by C. Lee Jones, Bull. Med. Lib. Assoc. 71(4) 1983;
available http://pubmedcentral.nih.gov)
27
2) Pricing model for the future
“… goal is to give people access to as much
information as possible ….
“… experience has been that as soon as usage is
metered on a per-article basis, there is an inhibition
on use or a concern about exceeding some budget
allocation”
28
2) Pricing model [projected] for the future [2000]
“Elsevier’s goal is to give people access to as much information as
possible on a flat fee, unlimited use basis.
“Elsevier’s experience has been that as soon as usage is metered on a
per-article basis, there is an inhibition on use or a concern about
exceeding some budget allocation”
Karen Hunter, Elsevier, March 2000
PEAK 2000 Conference ‘Brings Librarians, Publishers, Economists Together’
– a path breaking conference at University of Michigan, looking at
Traditional Subscription vs Bundled vs Per Article
– Now published, 8 years later
* as ‘Economics and usage of digital libraries: byting the bullet’, Jeffrey K.
MacKie-Mason and Wendy Pradt Lougee (eds). Ann Arbor, Michigan:
University of Michigan University Library, Scholarly Publishing Office 2008
• But could have been found & read during past 8 years on Internet/Web
• anytime, anyplace at www.si.umich.edu/PEAK-2000
29
This takes us back to an earlier JISC Vision about access
Based on privilege of membership, not payment of money
• Library Card (Shibboleth) not Visa Card
• End users respond to different price-effort models; if not money
then effort. King & Tenopir
•
But will credit crunch mean cancellations and end of Big Deal?
Just another way of saying “free at the point of use”
• walk-in libraries; the development of JISC and its services
• ‘Digital library developments - a realistic future?’,
Lyn Brindley & Derek Law, 1997, INSPEL, 31 (4) pp 195-203
• also available at http://en.scientificcommons.org/38270314
30