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Language, Gender, and
Culture
How does one’s gender and/or culture affect how
language is communicated?
Communication Styles
#1 Communication Survey
On the back of your survey, reflect on the results and describe what you think
your style is.
Share your results with your group
Three (Four) Types
Passive
Assertive
Aggressive
(Passive-Aggressive)
Communication Styles
#2 Quickwrite Discussion
Quickwrite 1:
One or two generations ago, men and women seemed to have firmer codes for
how to behave: men could be loud and assertive, while women were expected to
dress modestly and to use a feminine voice. Do you think these traditional “rules”
for male and female behavior still hold true today? What can you point to as
support for your position?
Quickwrite Discussion
Quickwrite 2:
Families have their own rules for how male and female members should
talk and behave. Think back to the advice you have heard in your family
or to the rules you have noticed family members following. Describe the
communication styles of talking and behaving for men and women in
your family.
Marker Talk Discussion
Each of you will have the opportunity to give your thoughts about the
following questions.
This is not a verbal discussion. It is a marker discussion.
We will then discuss the responses as a class.
What characteristics describe how females communicate?
What characteristics describe how males communicate?
#3 Men, Women, &
Communication
Dr. Linda Karges
Explain the reason she gives for why there is a difference in men and women’s
communication.
Friends: Men vs. Women
Summarize the example that illustrates how men communicate with one another
compared to women.
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Differences Between Men and Women
State 5 ways in which men and women differ.
#4 [Tannen] Previewing Vocabulary
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Linguistic
One-up/one-down
Ambiguity
Rapport
Subservience
Covert
Prerogative
pro forma
Sumptuous
Debase
What is communication?
List what you consider to be effective means of
communication and ineffective means of communication.
Effective Means of
Communication
Ineffective Means of
Communication
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Review of Reading Strategies
What reading strategies have you learned?
What other strategies do good or experienced readers do to help them
understand their texts?
Reading is a CONVERSATION
Reading and Writing go hand in hand
Just as you would do several drafts of writing, you need to do several drafts
of reading to become an expert of a given text.
“His Politeness is Her Powerlessness”
[Deborah Tannen]
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#5 Making Predictions and Asking Questions
Look at the title. What do you think her writing will be about?
Now read the 1st ¶, looking closely at the last
sentence:
“Often the labeling of ‘women’s language’ as
‘powerless language’ reflects the view of
women’s behavior through the lens of men’s.”
What do you think Tannen means?
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First Draft Reading: [Tannen]
Reading Strategy:
Read “WITH” the grain & Annotating
Reading Purpose/Focus:
-Look for Tannen’s thesis as you read and write it down.
-In the RIGHT-hand margins, annotate questions and comments.
Annotation Rubric
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First Draft Reading: [Tannen]
Reading Strategy:
Read “WITH” the grain & Annotating
Reading Purpose/Focus:
-Look for Tannen’s thesis as you read and write it down.
-In the RIGHT-hand margins, annotate questions and comments.
Looking Closely at Language: [Tannen]
#6 Vocabulary Trees
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Tree 1: INDIRECT Communication
Find some of Tannen’s vocabulary expressing this concept. Put each of the words on a
branch of the tree, one word per branch.
Think of some words from your own experience that can relate to the idea of
“indirectness” and add those to the tree.
Finally, can you think of film characters that embody these characteristics?
Discuss the different connotations of some of these words.
Looking Closely at Language: [Tannen]
Vocabulary Trees
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Tree 2: DIRECT Communication
Find some of Tannen’s vocabulary expressing this concept. Put each of the words on a
branch of the three, one word per branch.
Think of some words from your own experience that can relate to the idea of
“directness” and add those to the tree.
Finally, can you think of film characters that embody these characteristics?
Discuss the different connotations of some of these words.
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Second Draft Reading: [Tannen]
Reading Strategy: Rereading & Annotation
Reading Focus: Write down the answers to these questions in the
margins:
1. In ¶ 3 & 4, how does Tannen explain women’s tendencies
to use “covert” communication strategies? Write down at
least 2 reasons that the author provides.
2. Annotate the following in the LEFT-hand margin:
-the issue or problem Tannen is writing about
-Tannen’s main arguments
-Examples Tannen gives
-Her conclusion
Considering the Structure of the
Text
Using your annotations of the text, outline the organization of Tannen’s
text on the board.
Discuss with a partner your ideas of why Tannen devotes the majority of
her article to analyzing women’s speech. Does this rhetorical choice
strengthen or undermine the persuasiveness of her argument?
Responding
Look over your previous notes and quickwrites. Have your ideas about
language use and gender shifted in any way as result of reading
Tannen’s text? Why or why not?
Write a one-page response to one of the prompts given.
Third Draft Reading: [Tannen]
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Reading Strategy: Read “AGAINST” the grain
Reading Focus: Find textual support for your answers to
these questions.
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Is Tannen assuming that only women are seeking to
build rapport?
Is Tannen subtly valuing women’s speech as superior
to that of men’s?
Reading Rhetorically: PAPA □
In groups, complete a Papa Square for Tannen’s text.
Purpose:
Inform, persuade,
entertain
Audience:
Intended readers
Rhetorical Methods
& Strategies:
•Ethical Appeals
•Emotional Appeals
•Logical Appeals
•Stylistic Devices
Persona:
Public image/tone
Argument:
Thesis/main idea
Reading Rhetorically: PAPA □
In groups, complete a Papa Square for Tannen’s text. (1)
Purpose:
Inform/explain; persuade
Audience:
Intended readers
Rhetorical Methods
& Strategies:
•Ethical Appeals
•Emotional Appeals
•Logical Appeals
•Stylistic Devices
Persona:
Public image/tone
Argument:
Women’s speech is inferi
Reading Rhetorically: PAPA □
In groups, complete a Papa Square for Tannen’s text. (4)
Purpose:
Inform/explain
Audience:
Rhetorical Methods
& Strategies:
•Japanese anthropologistArgument:
Adult Women and men •“crude, clumsy” polite Women are weak/powerles
College students
•Specific cultural
Whether they are direct or
examples
Persona:
Knowledgable, unbiased,
intellectual
Writing Rhetorically: Précis
Now that you have completed a PAPA square, you can use the PAPA to now write
a
Rhetorical Précis :
A concise summary of essential points
A precís is a 4 sentence paragraph that states the essential points of a spoken or
written text.
On the back of your PAPA Square, in groups complete a rhetorical precis using
the frame provided.
Précis: Sentence 1
1. ___________________________, ___________________________,
(author’s credentials)
(author’s first and last name)
in his/her ______________________________ , _______________
(type of text/)(title)
(Power Verb)
THAT _____________________________________________.
Deborah Tannen, in her article “His Politeness is Her
Powerlessness,” argues that women’s language, whether
direct or indirect, is perceived as powerless language
compared to that of men’s.
Précis: Sentence 2
2. He/she supports this (claim) by first _________________.
He then __________________________________, then
_______________________________________________
and finally_____________________________________.
She supports this argument by first explaining the reasons
for women’s covert communication, then providing
cultural examples of women’s indirectness, and finally
concluding with a direct example to illustrate her point.
Précis: Sentence 3
3. __________
purpose is to
___________________
(author’s last name)
(what the author does in the text)
_________________________________________________________
IN ORDER TO _____________________________________________
(what the author wants the audience to do after reading the text)
_________________________________________________________.
Tannen’s purpose is to explain the difference in men and
women’s communication style in order to make readers
aware of how gender affects the power of language.
Tannen’s purpose is to stress that women are deemed as less powerful
in their use of language in order to make readers aware of this
inequality in gender communication.
Précis: Sentence 4
4. He/she adopts a(n)_____________________________
tone for _________________________________________.
(intended audience)
She adopts an objective and academic tone for her
audience of educated adults.
[Kingston] Getting Ready to Read
In The Woman Warrior, Maxine Hoang Kingston recounts
scenes from her upbringing ina Chinese American family. Kingston
weaves together myths, dreams, and reminisces to give voice to what has
been silenced in her family and culture. The particular excerpt chosen
focuses on Kingston’s attempts to make sense of the acculturation process
she experienced growing up and highlights the many dimensions of her
identity as a Chinese American women.
[Kingston] Quickwrite
Quickwrite 1:
Based on your own experience, how do quiet
students get treated in school? What are the
advantages and disadvantages of being quiet?
Quickwrite 2:
Silence can also be seen as a form of power.
Under what circumstances might that be the
case?
[Kingston] Making Predictions
1. What can you infer from the title of the chapter of this text, “Song for a
Barbarian Reed Pipe”? Spend some minutes predicting what this chapter
is likely to be about.
2. Read the first sentence: “When I went to Kindergarten and had to speak
English for the first time, I became silent.” Why do you suspect she
became silent?
[Kingston] Understanding Historical
References
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Japanese Internment Camps
-Concentration camps for Japanese in America during WWII
Chiang Kai-shek
-Fought against the Communists
Sun Yat-Sen
-Symbol and leader of Chinese nationalist revolution
Korean War
-N. Korea (Soviet Union) invaded S. Korea (U.S.)
Ghosts
-those seen as ostracized or inferior
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[Kingston] First Draft Reading
Reading Strategy:
Read “WITH” the grain & Annotating
Reading Purpose/Focus:
-Look for the theme Kingston wants to convey as you read and write it
down.
-In the RIGHT-hand margins, annotate questions and comments.
[Kingston] Second Draft Reading
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Reading Strategy: Rereading & Annotation
Reading Focus: Mark passages that answer the Qs:
1. According to Kingston, what characterizes traditional Chinese speech, and what kind of
talking is valued?
2. In the 1st three pages, she describes the differences between American and Chinese schools.
How were rules different in the two schools? Why do you think it was easier for her at a
Chinese school than an American one?
3. What did she learn regarding the American idea of feminine speech? How did she alter her
speech in order to be accepted in the classroom and by her peers?