Download Chapter 21 (& Background)

The Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties,
2200-256 BCE.
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Page: 115
Chapter 5: Early Society in East Asia
I. More than 4,000 years ago, the first Chinese
settlements developed near the Huang He
(Yellow) River of present-day China.
II. Dynasties ruled China for over 4,000 years.
A. Xia dynasty (2200 BC-1766 BC)
1. Founded by King Yu, hero of flood
control.
2. Canals and irrigation were introduced.
B. Shang dynasty (1766 BC-1122 BC)
1. Many written records and material
remains discovered.
2. Vast network of walled towns.
3. Indo-European migrants introduced
horses and chariots.
C. Zhou dynasty (1122 BC-256 BC)
1. Justified their overthrow of the Shang
with the “Mandate of Heaven.” That is,
God gave them the right to rule.
2. Decentralized political organization.
Used princes and relatives to rule
regions. Resulted in a weak central
government and the rise of regional
powers.
III. Society and family
A. Social structure: ruling elites;
merchants (trade with areas outside
China; peasants; slaves
B. Veneration of ancestors; patriarchal
society
China during the Period of the
Warring States, 403-221 BCE
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Page: 119
Chapter 6: Early Societies in the
Americas and Oceania
I. Early societies of Mesoamerica
A. Migration: Around 13,000 BCE, humans
traveled from Siberia to Alaska. By 9,500
BCE, they reached the southernmost part of
South America.
B. Olmecs (“rubber people”) lived near the
Gulf of Mexico around 1,200 BCE. First
complex society in the Americas. Lost
power around 400 BCE.
Olmec sculpture
Olmec pyramid at La Venta
C. The Mayans: Classic Mayan society lasted
from 500 BCE to CE 900 when the Toltecs
began to overtake them. Built pyramidtemples (Chichen Itza). Accomplishments
in architecture, hieroglyphic writing,
mathematics, astronomy, and chronology.
Bloodletting rituals were important to
satisfy the gods.
Chichen Itza
Temple of the Giant Jaguar
D. Teotihuacan: Near Mexico City. High
point between CE 400 and CE 600.
Colossal pyramids of sun and moon.
Teotihuacan
II. Early societies of South America.
A. Complex societies began to form around
1000 BC. Main crops: beans, sweet
potatoes, cotton, and maize.
B. Chavin cult from 900 BC to 300 BC.
Polytheistic religious beliefs became
popular. Centered in Peru.
Chavin Huantar
C. Mochica or Moche (AD 300 to AD 700) in
northern Peru. Some characteristics
included irrigation, trade, military, painting,
but no writing system.
Mochica
Mochica art
Early societies of Oceania, 1500 B.C.E.-700
C.E.
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Page: 152
III. Early Societies of Oceania.
A. Migrants reached Australia and New
Guinea 60,000 years ago.
B. “Lapita” people began settling the
Pacific islands around 4,000 years ago.