Download 2.04-Nationalism_and_Sectionalism_in_Politics

Warm-up: Monroe Doctrine T/F
• With a partner, determine if the statements below are correct or
incorrect in understanding the Monroe Doctrine.
• 1. Great Britain was free to build a new colony in the American West.
• 2. If a European nation tried to interfere with any nation in the Western
Hemisphere, the interference would be considered a threat to our security.
• 3. This document was the first important foreign policy statement made since
the ending of the war of 1812.
• The United States would assist France with its revolution.
• The United States would assist colonies in the Caribbean region who were
fighting for freedom from European powers.
• The Western Hemisphere should be considered closed to any European
colonization.
• This document was perceived by European powers as a declaration of war
on the part of America.
• This document expressed American spirit and a strong sense of nationalism.
**When you finish this, read Chapter 7, Section 2-p.219
Closure
• 3 examples of nationalism
• 2 people involved in this examples
• 1 simple definition of nationalism
Nationalism and
Sectionalism in Politics
Objective 2.04
James Monroe’s Presidency
•1817-1825
•Known as the
Era of Good
Feelings due to
Americans’
loyalty to the
U.S. after the
War of 1812
McCulloch v. Maryland
•WHAT CAUSED THE CASE?
–2nd Bank of America was
approved in 1816
–Proposed by John C. Calhoun
–Maryland tried to tax the bank in
1819
–Led to Supreme Court Case
• WHAT DID MARSHALL HAVE TO
DECIDE?
– Creation of the bank constitutional?
– If so, could Maryland tax it?
• MARSHALL’S DECISION
– Bank was constitutional under necessary
and proper clause
– MD could not tax b/c it would interfere
with a federal agency
Monroe Doctrine
•WHY WAS IT MADE?
–European Empires wanted to
help Spain reclaim lost territories
in Latin America
–England wanted America to help
limit European powers in the
western hemisphere
• WHAT WAS IT ISSUED TO DO?
– Push back Russian claims on Oregon
– U.S. not look like England’s “Jr. Partner”
• WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT?
– Asserted America’s role as a world
power
– Beginning of policy of preventing
Europe from interfering in Latin
American affairs
Election of 1824
•Reflected sectional tensions
•The Republican Party, which had
followers across the nation, was
showing signs of splitting
•4 candidates—all members of the
Republican Party
Henry Clay
•From Kentucky
•Representing the West
•Platform was called the American
System in which he supported:
–The national bank
–Protective Tariff
–Nationwide internal improvements
Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson
•From Tennessee
•Representing the
West
•War hero at the
Battle of New
Orleans
John Quincy Adams
•From
Massachusetts
•Represented the
Northeast
•Wanted internal
improvements
but did not
support tariffs
William Crawford
•From Georgia
•Represented the
South
•Believed in states’
rights and a strict
interpretation of
the Constitution
•WHO WON?
–Jackson and Adams tied electoral
votes
–House of Representatives had to
vote to break the tie
–Adams won the election with the
vote of the House in his favor
“Corrupt Bargain”
•Supporters of Jackson accused Clay
of arranging votes for Adams in the
House in exchange for a cabinet
position
•This became known as the “corrupt
bargain”
•Clay did get the Sec. of State
position, but no wrongdoing was
ever proven
Republicans Split
•Supporters of Jackson called
themselves the DemocraticRepublicans but shortened it to
Democrats
•Supporters of Adams and Clay
were now the National
Republicans
Election of 1828
•First sign of heavily bashing other
candidates—known as mudslinging
•Adams said Jackson was ignorant,
incompetent, and adulterous
•Jackson said Adams was corrupt,
untrustworthy, and that he wasted
tax money
•WHO WON AND WHY?
–Jackson with a clear majority
–More people allowed to vote
this time because land
ownership restrictions were
dropped
Jackson’s Era
•Nickname: People’s President, Old
Hickory
–Orphaned at 14 years of age
–Little formal education
–War Hero
–Violent nature (5 duels—1 kill)
•With his inaugural address he
makes many promises
Tariff of 1828
•a.k.a. “Tariff of Abomination”—
given by SC
•SC threatened to secede from the
Union
•John C. Calhoun, VP but also a SC
native wanted to figure out a way
to solve the problem
•Calhoun states that SC should use
nullification
•Believed states had a right to declare
federal laws null and void since they
created the Union
•2 opposing opinions—
–Liberty first; union afterwards
–Liberty and Union are one and
inseparable
•SC passed the Nullification Act and
declared the Tariff of 1828
unconstitutional
•Jackson supported the side of the
Union in this matter
•He passed the Force Bill, stating
that a President can use military to
enforce acts of congress
•He sent a warship to Charleston
Harbor because he believed that
nullification = treason
•SC eventually repealed the law
•Clay had pushed a bill though
Congress that would lower the
nation’s tariffs within 2 years
•Both sides felt they had won
Spoils System
•Jackson believed strongly in the
idea of majority rule
•He thought that ordinary citizens
should play an important part in
the government
•He began to appoint people to
government positions that were
loyal to the party and to him
•He thought that government jobs
were “plain and simple” and could
be easily filled by anyone
Issues with Native Americans
•Indian Removal Act
•Worcester v. Georgia
National Bank
•Jackson was very suspicious of the
Second Bank
•He believed it was a monopoly for
the rich
•Jackson eventually killed the bank by
removing all of the money and
placing it into selected State Banks
called Pet Banks
New Party Emerges
•Whigs named after the party in
England who worked to limit
King’s power
•They are defeated by Democrats in
the Election of 1836 because they
cannot settle on a single candidate
Election of 1840
•Whigs nominated General
William Henry Harrison and
John Tyler
•Harrison won
•On March 4, 1841, Harrison
delivered his inauguration
speech
•The weather that day was cold
and Harrison insisted on giving his
2 hour speech without a coat or
hat
•He came down with pneumonia
and died 2 days later, leaving Tyler
to become president
•He has the shortest presidential
term in U.S. history