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The Cold War Heats Up
By: Jack Cranston, Brenna Cygan
and Jake Daulton
China Becomes a Communist Country:
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Chinese Communists had struggled against the nationalist government of
Chiang Kai-shek.
The United States supported Chiang
In contrast, the Communists, led by Mao Zedong, gained strength
throughout the country.
Civil war erupted between the two groups.
From 1944 to 1947, the U.S. played peacemaker between the two groups
while still supporting the Nationalists.
Truman refused to sent soldier to back up the Nationalists but gave them $2
billion worth of military equipment and supplies.
May 1949, Chiang and his government fled to the island of Taiwan, which
Westerners called Formosa.
After 20 years of struggle, now the Communists rule the mainland of China.
They established a new government, the People’s Republic of China, which
the U.S. refused to accept as China’s true government.
Korean War: 1950 - 1953
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Japan had annexed Korea in 1910 and ruled it until August 1945.
As WW II ended, Japanese troops north of the 38th parallel (38° North latitude)
surrendered to the Soviets.
Japanese troops south of the parallel surrendered to the Americans
In 1948, South Korea established a zone occupied by the United States, based
in Seoul, Korea’s traditional capital.
The Communists formed in North Korea with Kim Il Sung leading the
government.
June 25, 1950 North Korea forces sweep across the 38th parallel in a surprise
attack on South Korea. Known as the Korean War.
South Korea called on the United Nations to stop the North Korean invasion.
June 27, President Truman ordered troops stationed in Japan to support the
South Koreans.
All 16 nations sent troops to aid South Korea.
- Over 90% were American
General Douglas MacArthur was in command.
The United States Fights in Korea:
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September 15, 1950 troops made a surprise landing behind enemy lines at
Inchon, on Korea’s west coast.
Other troops moved north from Pusan
Trapped between the two attacking forces, about half of North Korean
troops surrendered.
The Chinese Fight Back:
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November 1950, 300,000 Chinese troops joined the war on the side of
North Korea.
The main opponents of the war were the Chinese communists and the
Americans.
Chinese outnumbered the UN forces ten to one.
By Jan. 1951, UK and South Korean troops were pushed out of North
Korea.
The Chinese advanced to the south, capturing the South Korean capital,
Seoul.
MacArthur Recommends Attacking China:
• MacArthur called for an extension of the war into China
• Truman rejected MacArthur’s request because attacking China
could set off World War III.
• The UN and South Korean forces advanced using the U.S. Eighth
Army, led by Matthew B. Ridgway.
• By April 1951, Ridgway took back Seoul and moved back up to the
38th parallel.
MacArthur Versus Truman:
• MacArthur tried to go over the president's head.
- spoke to newspapers, magazines, and Republican leaders
• April 11, 1951, Truman announced that he fired MacArthur
• 69 percent of American public backed General MacArthur
• In his closing remarks to Congress, MacArthur said “Old soldiers
never die, they just fade away.”
Settling for Stalemate:
• Soviet Union suggested a cease-fire on June 23, 1951
• Truce talk began in July 1951; finally in July 1953, the two sides
signed to end the war.
1.How much did the American
government send the Nationalists?
a) 2 billion
b) 6 billion
c) 2 million
d) 6 million
Quiz:
2. Who were the Communists led by
at the time?
a) Chiang Kai-Sheik
b) Mao Zedoary
c) Trayce
d) Hoyhe Wang
3. On June 25, 1950 North Korean
forces swept across the 38th
parallel in a surprise attack on
South Korea. This conflict led to
what?
a) Soviet War
b) Japanese War
c) Korean War
d) American War
4.
What year did the United States
start fighting in Korea?
a) 1930
b) 1950
c) 1965
d) 2001
5. Which side suggested the ceasefire?
a) Korea
b) U.S.
c) Japan
d) Soviet Union
e) Trayce
Answers: A, B, C, B, D