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Chapter 10 Section 1 13th Amendment Ratified in December, 1865. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • Abolished slavery President Lincoln’s Plan 10% Plan * Pardon crimes for Confederate officers * to convince them to join union * accept * * end to slavery Replace majority rule with “loyal rule” in the South. Plan would be recognized when 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty Why did President Lincoln favor a lenient policy towards the South? Wade-Davis Bill (1864) By Radical Republicans Wanted terms much more difficult for southern whites to accept Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH) made it impossible for Confederate states RESULT: Less confederate states would return to Union Congressman Henry W. Davis (R-MD) President Andrew Johnson Elected after Lincoln was assassinated Freedmen’s Bureau Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Congress forms the Freedmen’s Bureau. Counteracts the Black Codes Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Organized to help exslaves with Food medical care resettlement education Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do. Successes of Freedmen’s Bureau • Gained support quickly from African Americans • Elected as officials by African American voters • Built – Schools – Churches • Modernize the South Struggles of Freedmen’s Bureau • Were accused of having ulterior motives • Were not looking out for the best interest of African Americans Freedmen’s Bureau School What were the purposes of the freedoms bill? President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) Made most Confederate states eligible for pardons if they became loyal Created easy terms so Confederate states could return to their place in Union States had to hold constitutional convention Write new constitution to void Slavery Ratify 13th Amendment Stop payments of state war debts Things didn’t work out… Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements. Revival of the South BLACK CODES Black Codes Purpose: * Guarantee stable labor Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers Plantation owners would rent land to black families. Give 1/3 of crop to plantation owner Black Codes • Southern rules • Blacks could not own guns • They could only own property in the ‘black’ part of town (less desirable areas). • Not allowed to testify in court • They could be arrested for being rude to whites or for not having a job. Whom did President Johnson blame for the war? Civil Rights Act of 1866 1. Bestowed full citizen ship on AfricanAmericans 2. Overturned black codes 3. Overturned 1857 Dred Scott decision 14th Amendment Ratified in July, 1868. * Provide a constitutional guarantee * for rights of freed people. Southern states would be punished denying the right to vote to black citizens! Johnson Impeached • Johnson tries to impede Radical Reconstruction • February, 1868--Congress impeaches Uses Tenure Act as an excuse Real cause is differences over Reconstruction • Senate refuses to convict Johnson • Radical Republicans seen as subversive of Constitution, lose publics support 15th Amendment Ratified in 1870. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It gives black males the right to vote. What two laws did the Radical Republicans pass to reduce presidential power? Complete the Graphic Organizer below to explain how each listed piece of legislation affected African Americans Legislation Black Codes Civil rights Act of 1866 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Effect