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The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
The
Industrial Revolution refers to the
rapidly increased output of machine-made
goods that began in England during the
18th century.
It eventually led to a better quality of life
for most people.
Yet the change to machine production
also caused immense human suffering.
The Industrial Revolution
Industrialism Changes Life
I.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Urbanization
Living Conditions
Working Conditions
Class Tensions
Positive Effects
Industrialism Spreads
II.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The United States
Belgium
Germany
Expansion throughout Europe
Worldwide Impact of Industrialism
III.
A.
B.
Global Inequality
Transformation of Society
I. Industrialism Changes Life
A. Urbanization

From 1800-1850 most
European cities at
least doubled in
population.
 Urbanization - a period
of city building and
people moving to
cities.
 The growth of factories
brought job-seekers.
B. Living Conditions

There was a lack of
adequate housing,
education, and
police protection.
 Workers lived in
dark, dirty shelters,
whole families
crowding into one
bedroom.
 Frequent epidemics
swept through the
cities.
C. Working Conditions

Workers worked
long hours in dirty
and dangerous
conditions.
 Average worker
spent 14 hours a
day, 6 days a
week at work.
D. Class Tensions

Merchants and
factory owners
became
extremely rich.
 Overworked and
underpaid
workers became
frustrated.
E. Some Positive Effects

Created jobs
 Made the nation
wealthier.
 Healthier diets
 Eventually better
housing and better
pay.
II. Industrialization Spreads
A. The United States

Industrialization
began in the textile
industry, primarily
in the northeast.
 Thousands of
workers, mostly
young single
women, flocked to
work in mills.
A. The United States

The U.S. remained
primarily an agricultural
nation until the end of
the Civil War in 1865.
 The country then
experienced a
technological boom
due to a wealth of
natural resources, a
burst of inventions, and
a swelling urban
population.
A. The United States

Railroads played a
major role as
America expanded.
 Large corporations
such as Standard
Oil and the Carnegie
Steel Company
sprang up and
sought to control
every aspect of their
industries.
B. Continental Europe
 European
countries were absorbed in
the French Revolution and Napoleonic
Wars between 1789 and 1815.
 They watched the gap widen between
themselves and Britain.
 Nevertheless, industrialization
eventually reached continental Europe.
1. Belgium

Belgium had rich iron
and coal as well as
waterways for
transportation.
 The latest British
advances (spinning
machinery and
steam engines) were
smuggled out of
Britain.
2. Germany

Germany was a
politically divided
empire.
 Pockets of industry
appeared as they
copied Britain’s
model.
 Germany’s
economic strength
spurred its ability to
develop as a
military power.
3. Other Parts of Europe
 Regions
of Spain processed cotton.
 Northern Italy specialized in silk textiles.
 French railroad created a thriving
national market.
 For a variety of reasons, many
European countries did not industrialize.
 Governments, geography, and
transportation all posed problems.
III. Worldwide Impact of
Industrialism
A. Global Inequality
 Industrialism
widened the gap between
industrialized and non-industrialized
countries.
 It promoted competition between
industrialized nations and increased
poverty in less-industrialized nations.
 Industrialized countries required a
steady stream of raw materials from
less-developed lands.
A. Global Inequality

Britain led for
exploiting
overseas colonies
for resources.
 Other nations
shortly followed.
 Imperialism-the
policy for
extending one’s
countries rule
over many other
lands.
B. Transformation of Society

The industrialization
that took place
revolutionized every
aspect of society,
from daily life to life
expectancy.
 As quality of life
increased, a
powerful movement
for social reform
grew.