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COLD WAR 1
1945-1962
What is the United
Nations?
• An international
organization to keep
peace in the world
What were two results of the
American occupation of Japan
after World War II?
• Japan became a democracy.
• Japan became an ally (friend)
of the United States.
What was the Cold
War?
• The war of words between
the United States and the
Soviet Union between 1945
and 1991
What is communism?
• An economic system in which
all property and means of
production are owned by
society as a whole (i.e., by the
government in the name of
the people)
What is socialism?
• An economic system in which
the government owns and
controls the means of
production, like power plants,
transportation, and
communication
What were the fundamental
values of the
American-led western nations
during the Cold War?
• Democracy
• Individual freedom
• Free market economic system
based on private property
and profit
What were the fundamental
values of the Soviet Union and
its allies during the Cold War?
• Totalitarian government or
dictatorship
• Communism
• Communist or socialist
economic system
Where did the threat of a
communist takeover cause
President Truman to announce
the Truman Doctrine?
• Greece
• Turkey
What was the Truman
Doctrine?
• United States would “support
free peoples who [were] resisting
attempted subjugation [control]
by armed minorities or by
outside pressures.”
What President was
responsible for the
Marshall Plan?
•Harry Truman
What was the Marshall
Plan?
• U.S. economic aid
program to European
nations after World
War II
What was the dual purpose
of the Marshall Plan?
• Rebuild European economies
• Stop the spread of
communism
What was containment?
• The American policy to
limit communism to those
areas where it already
existed
What was the noncommunist part of Germany
during the Cold War?
• West Germany
What was the communist
part of Germany during the
Cold War?
• East Germany
Who was Alger Hiss?
• A U.S. State Department
official charged with giving
secret documents to the Soviets
• Convicted of perjury
Who were Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg?
• A couple who gained
information about the U.S.
atomic project
• They were convicted of
espionage and executed
What is espionage?
Spying
What federal agency
coordinates the spy activities of
the United States government?
• Central Intelligence Agency
or CIA
What was NATO?
• A defensive military alliance
of U.S. and Western
European countries
• An attack on one would be
considered an attack on all
Who was the Communist
Chinese leader?
• Mao Zedong
Who was the anticommunist Chinese leader?
• Chiang Kai-shek
What is Taiwan?
• Anti-communist nation
founded on the island of
Formosa when Chiang
fled China
Who was Senator Joseph
McCarthy?
• A Republican senator who
accused many American
officials of being communists
What was McCarthyism?
• Unfairly accusing others of
disloyalty, especially of
being pro-communist,
without solid evidence
How has the term
McCarthyism continued to be
used?
• To refer to situations where
someone makes false
accusations based on rumor
or guilt by association
What were the ArmyMcCarthy Hearings?
• Televised investigations of
alleged communist influence
in the United States Army
• Revealed that Senator Joseph
McCarthy had made many
false charges
Why were the Army-McCarthy
Hearings important?
• Showed that Senator
Joseph McCarthy was a
liar and a bully
• Ended Senator McCarthy’s
power and influence
What event brought an end to
Joseph McCarthy’s power and
influence?
• The Army-McCarthy
Hearings
Which is the
communist Korea?
•North Korea
Which is non-communist
Korea?
• South Korea
What was the Korean War?
• The 1950-1953 war caused
when communist North Korea
invaded anti-communist South
Korea
Who was president when the
Korean War began?
• Harry S. Truman
Who was president when the
Korean War ended?
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
Which president was
associated with massive
retaliation?
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
What was Massive
Retaliation?
• President Eisenhower’s
policy that the U.S. would use
swift, all-out military actions
against any nation that
attacked the U.S. or an ally
What was the Bay of
Pigs?
• The CIA sponsored invasion
of Cuba by Cuban exiles to
overthrow Castro. It failed!
Who was president during the
Cuban Missile Crisis?
• John F. Kennedy
What was the Cuban Missile
Crisis?
• Soviets placed nuclear missiles
in Cuba
• U.S. blockaded Cuba
• Soviets removed the missiles
Who was the Soviet leader
during the Cuban Missile
Crisis?
• Nikita Khrushchev