Download Chapter 7 Section 2 The Spanish American War

CH. 7 SEC. 2
The Spanish-American War
UNREST IN
CUBA
• Cuba and Puerto Ricoonly Spanish colonies
left in 1890s
• Cubans starting
revolting in 1868
• Spanish forced
thousands into camps
where many starved
and died
JOSÉ MARTÍ
• One of the leaders of
Cuban Revolution
• Exiled from Cuba and
lived in New York
• Pushed for Cuban
independence in USA
AMERICAN INTEREST
• Felt the Cuban
Revolution was much
like our own
• Sympathy towards the
suffering Cubans
• Economic Interests
CAUSES OF SPANISHAMERICAN WAR
1. Media & Yellow Journalism
2. Sinking of U.S.S. Maine
3. Economic Interests
4.Sympathy for Cubans
MEDIA INFLUENCE
• Newspapers #1 Source
• Yellow Journalism- the
reporting of exaggerated
stories in newspapers to
increase sales
• William Randolph Hearst &
Joseph Pulitzer
Pg. 206
• Did not use Spanish sourcesWhy does this matter?
EXPLOSION OF THE
U.S.S. MAINE
• February 15, 1898
mysteriously blew up in the
Havana harbor
• 260 American sailors died
• Newspapers blamed Spanish
even though there was no
proof
• US declared war on April 25
“REMEMBER THE MAINE”
The Yellow Press demanded war. Headlines screamed,
“Remember the Maine!”
A naval board of inquiry blamed a mine for the
explosion.
In response, Spain agreed
to American demands,
including
an end to the concentration
camps.
Despite Spanish
concessions,
President McKinley
sought permission to
use force.
In April 1898, following a heated debate,
Congress agreed to McKinley’s request.
Critics charged that
the real goal was an
American take-over of
Cuba.
As a result, the Teller
Amendment was added,
stipulating that the U.S.
would not annex Cuba.
The U.S. Navy was sent to blockade Cuban ports.
President McKinley called for 100,000 volunteers.
War in the Philippines
Commodore George Dewey
surprised and easily defeated a
Spanish fleet at Manila Bay.
Rather than surrender to the
Filipino independence fighters led
by Emilio Aguinaldo, Spanish
troops surrendered to U.S. forces.
War in Cuba
• Guantanamo Bay was captured.
U.S. troops
easily defeated
the Spanish in
Cuba.
• Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough
Riders, and two regiments of
African American soldiers,
stormed San Juan Hill.
• A Spanish fleet was destroyed at
Santiago.
• Spanish troops surrendered in
Cuba and on the island of Puerto
Rico.
ROUGH RIDERS
• All volunteers
• Led by Theodore Roosevelt
• Made up of college athletes,
cowboys, ranchers, and
miners
• Supposed to be cavalry but
ended up being foot soldiers
• 2 Medal of Honor winners
from Battle of San Juan Hill
BUFFALO SOLDIERS
• All African-American
regiment
• Helped lead charge in Battle
of San Juan Hill
• Six Buffalo Soldiers won
Medal of Honors from Battle
of San Juan Hill
Aftermath of the War
• Spain sold the
Philippines to the
U.S. for $20 million.
In the Treaty
of Paris, Spain gave
up control of Cuba,
Puerto Rico, and
Guam.
• Guam and Puerto
Rico became
American territories.
• Under the Teller
Amendment, Cuba
could not be
annexed by the
United States.
Aftermath of the War
• Cost the U.S. close to $250 million
• Roughly 2,000 U.S. soldiers died
• Split in America on positives and negatives
• Pg. 211 and differing views from senators
Aftermath of the War
While Secretary of State John Hay called it a
“splendid little war” debate soon arose over
the Philippines and U.S. imperialism.
• Critics like William
Jennings Bryan and Mark
Twain attacked
imperialism as against
American principles.
• President McKinley
argued that the U.S. had
a responsibility to “uplift
and civilize” the Filipino
people. However, the
U.S. brutally suppressed a
Filipino rebellion.
Aftermath of the War
In February 1899, the U.S. Senate ratified the
Treaty of Paris by just one vote.
In the election
of 1900
McKinley
faced Bryan
for the
Presidency.
McKinley chose
Theodore
Roosevelt, “the
hero of San Juan
Hill” as his
running mate.
McKinley and
Roosevelt won
easily.
The United States now had an empire and a new stature in
world affairs.
VIEWS ON THE
PHILIPPINES
For Annexation
• President McKinley
wanted to “civilize and
educate Filipinos”
• Economics & Strategic
• Take before another
country did
Against Annexation
• Violated idea of selfgovernment
• Focus on issues at home
in the U.S. not outside
• Afraid it may lead to an
increase in more
immigrants
ANNEXATION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
• U.S. annexed Philippines on Feb. 6, 1899
• War broke out for 3 years
• 4,000 U.S. soldiers dead, 220,000 Filipinos
dead
• Philippines granted independence on July 4,
1946
Closing Activity
Imagine you are an advisor for one of the kings or
queens in power in one of the European countries
(Britain, Italy, Germany, or Russia). You must prepare a
quick report to your ruler about the defeat of Spain by
the United States. In your report, give a brief
description of the events of the war, your estimate of
how powerful the United States is, and what this new
world power will mean for your country (will you seek
help from the U.S? increase your own power in case
there is war between your own country and the U.S?
neither?). Your report must be at least a paragraph (4-6
sentences) in length.