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Warm-up pg. 703 1. Who was the leader of the Nationalist Party? 2. Who supported the Communist party? Why? Answer: 1. Chiang Kai-shek 2. Peasants & workers (due to the poor conditions and lack of land rights) Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925): goal was to establish China as a democracy & he became the first provisional president • Little order in China • Corrupt warlords maintained power after the dynasties fell • Robbers & thieves roamed and looted the countryside • Famine occurred & many citizens starved (Dr. Sun Yat-sen) Enter Mao Zedong on the scene: as a young revolutionary who inspired the masses • Formed the first Communist Party • Sought better treatment and conditions for the majority of Chinese people • Opposed the Nationalist Party ideas Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928 • Headed the Nationalist Party after Sun Yixian died • Attempted reconciliation with the Communist party, but then turned on them & “eliminated” communist opposition. These two really didn’t get along!!! (“Chiang” Kai-shek) Mao’s Escape Plan The Long March Trace where he went… • Mao led approx. 600,000 of his followers to escape defeat and gain support for his cause in the countryside… • Japan invades China drawing them into to WWII • Truce is called between the Nationalist & Communist party until after WWII to fight the Japanese Japanese Aggression Chemical and Biological Attacks, & Mass Bombings Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai. World War II was fought in two main areas: • Europe • Asian Pacific IMPORTANT DATES • 1937-Japan invaded China • 1939-Germany invaded Poland (official start of WWII) • 1941-Pearl Harbor was bombed and the United States entered the war • 1945-atomic bombing of Japan— war ends Story Overview so far: Are you kidding...? • WWII ends in 1945 • China had been decimated (largely destroyed) both physically and economically by Japan • Civil war breaks out again between Nationalist & Communist party supporters • Communism spreads & Chiang KaiShek (leader of the Nationalist party) moves to Taiwan to start “The New, Real China” The Communist Victory “the spread” The People’s Republic of China Why did Communism succeed when they were outnumbered? Many did not consider or take the “pulse” of the China people… Why did Communism succeed when they were outnumbered? ► Mao won support of peasants – land ► Mao won support of women-”you go girl” ► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics”fought a hit and run” style war ► Citizens saw the Nationalist government as corrupt ► Citizens felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China. Communist China Under Mao Industrialized China Increased literacy Class privileges ended Rural Chinese received health care ► One-party dictatorship ► BUT…and it’s a big one…Denied people basic rights and freedoms ► ► ► ► Great Leap Forward, 1958 ► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry ► Communes Groups of people who live and work together Property held in common Had production quotas ► Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS” ► Old Thoughts ► Old Culture ► Old Customs ► Old Habits To Rebel Is Good! Communist China Under Mao ► Designed Red Guards to renew revolutionary spiritWas he paranoid…or just good at maintaining a cult following? ► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place ► Schools shut down – students revolted ► Red Guards – students who attacked professors, Does this rebel look dangerous? Japan: After the atomic bomb… • Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the two cities bombed • Japan remained under the control of the United States Army and General MacArthur! • The U.S. wanted Japan to be a peaceful nation and eliminate the conditions that led to the militaristic colonial empire of Japan JAPAN CONCESSIONS: POST WWII • Japan’s business leaders, who supported the militaristic Japan of WWII, were stripped of their power. • Japan could keep their original homelands, but had to give up ALL COLONIAL CONQUESTS • The Japanese people > 20 years of age were granted universal suffrage (voting rights) • Bill of Rights: established to give universal rights to Japanese citizens • Japan could not rebuild their army & could not declare war on another nation. Rebuilding of Japan’s infrastructure • Infrastructure: consists of the public systems and services of a nation • Atomic Bomb: had destroyed transportation, industry, and urban life • The U.S. helped Japan rebuild its economy-which is now one of the strongest in the world! Korea KOREA • 1910 Japan took over Korea & ruled for 35 years until after WWII • Japan lost control of Korea during World War II and confusion in leadership began… Two competing groups formed: • Communist vs. Korean Military Government (supported by the U.S.) The 38th Parallel After WWII Korea was split at the 38th Parallel: • The United States controlled South Korea= setting up Democracy • Communists controlled North Korea= setting up Communism Domino Theory K o r e a • “Domino Theory” (fear of the spread of communism): once one country falls then they all begin to fall… • United States and allies are concerned with communist spread! • Containment Policy —don’t let it spread! • Fact: the U.S. didn’t acknowledge Communist China until 1972! We still tried to support Chiang Kai-Shek until then… Reunification goal= Spells War • The Soviet Union encouraged North Korea to seek reunification (uniting both North and South Korea) creating a communist homeland • Korean people did not want division, but no agreement on the type of government could be met • Seeking reunification, North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel on June 25th, 1950= causing WAR Korea: a divided country • United Nation (mainly the U.S.) forces aided South Korea • Who was the likely friend of North Korea? • Not the Soviets, but the Chinese! • After 3 years of fighting and seesawing back and forth over territory: a stalemate (or truce) was called at the original 38th parallel boundary Korean War outcomes: North Korea • remains a communist country under the strict autocratic ruler: Kim Jong-Il. • Strengths=strong military, heavy industry • Weaknesses= poor human rights & starvation/famine • Allies=China South Korea: • Democratic constitution & free-elections • Wealthier= due to U.S. aid and trade with Western countries • Allies= Western Democratic Countries