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Building the Federal Government Focus Question • How did debate over the role of government lead to the formation of political parties? The New Leaders • Washington took his oath as part of the official swearing-in ceremony, or inauguration • Elected 1st President of the United States • One French diplomat who witnessed the inauguration reported in awe “He has the soul, look, and figure of a hero united in him” Washington’s Government • Established precedents for how to govern • Precedent is an act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to follow…” So help me God” The New Leaders • 1789, Washington made a precedent by creating the departments of War, State and the Treasury • Called the Cabinet • Washington selected officials to head the major departments of the executive branch The New Leaders • Thomas Jefferson – Department of State • Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury • Henry Knox – Secretary of War • Edmond Randolph – Attorney General Treasury Secretary Hamilton • Brilliant, dynamic lawyer • Advocated a strong central government Hamilton’s Program • Secretary of Treasury • Huge debt after the Revolutionary war • Proposed a plan to help the economy and strengthen the national government Hamilton’s Program • Federal government will assume state debts • Controversial because some states had already paid debt • If Southern States approve then Hamilton’s Program • Federal capital will relocate to Potomac River – stimulate the economy of Virginia • Congress approved the plan Hamilton’s Program • U.S. government charter a national bank • Strengthen the federal government Hamilton’s Program • Creditors would look to the nation for payment rather than individual states • The central bank would collect tariffs and repay debt with interest Hamilton’s Opponents • James Madison and Thomas Jefferson • Concerned that Hamilton’s policies would hurt the common person Secretary of State Jefferson • Maintained contacts with foreign governments • Collected information about world affairs • Communicated with U.S. officials living overseas Thomas Jefferson Republican • Thomas Jefferson Republican • Objected to interference of the national government in the economy • Assumed the strength of the economy in its agricultural productivity Foreign Policy Issues • Conflict between Britain and France threatened to break apart the new American nation • Federalists oppose the war • Washington and his successors managed to steer a neutral course (until the War of 1812). Foreign Policy Issues • War with French and Britain • US is neutral, or not taking sides • British seized US trading ships and supported Native American in the NW Political Parties Emerge • Hamilton’s economic program continue to grow • The Whiskey Rebellion • Direct tax on whiskey Whiskey Rebellion • “taxation at the source,” meaning the Government collects the tax from the producer, not the consumer. Whiskey Rebellion • Whiskey was then often used as a form of currency on the cash-strapped frontier. • Made the whiskey tax unfair to the western farmer-distillers Whiskey Rebellion • “Whiskey Rebellion” of 1794 in southwestern Pennsylvania • President Washington, accompanied by Alexander Hamilton, led 12,000 troops to put down the rebellion. Whiskey Rebellion • The successful suppression of the Whisky Rebellion helped establish the power of the Federal Government Jeffersonian Republicans • Federalists and Republicans • First two political parties • Key issue --Power and size of the federal government • Federalists- followed Hamilton’s ideas of strong central government Jeffersonian Republicans • Republicans- favored Jefferson’s idea of strong state governments • limited central government and agrarian economy • No relation to the republican party today, Daily Quiz Who supported the federal government to take on the states’ debts • Alexander Hamilton officials to head the major departments of the executive branch • Cabinet an act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to follow Precedent Who objected to the interference of the national government in the economy • Jeffersonian Republicans Whiskey Rebellion occurred in response to • Hamilton’s debt plan Treaty between the US and Britain aimed at expanding trade between the two countries • Jay’s Treaty Name the first two political parties in the United States. Federalists and Republicans Federalists v Jeffersonian Republicans • Create a T-chart outlining the difference in the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans