Download Chapter 9, Lesson 1 The World Divided.

Chapter 9, Lesson 1
The World Divided.
Mr. Julian’s 5th Grade Class
Essential Question
•What was the role
of the United
States as a
superpower after
World War II?
Places
• East Berlin
• West Berlin
• Moscow
People
• George C. Marshall
Vocabulary
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Aggressor
Marshall Plan
United Nations
Communism
Ideology
NATO
Berlin Airlift
Cold War
propaganda
Europe and Japan After the War
• The United States wanted
to help the countries
destroyed by the war
rebuild.
• Although, Germany and
Japan had been the
aggressors, the U.S. still
wanted to help them.
Europe and Japan After the War
• In February 1945, Stalin,
Roosevelt, and Churchill
met in the Soviet Union to
discuss what to do with
Europe.
• Stalin demanded that the
Soviet Union have control
over the countries on its
borders, so that it could not
be attacked again.
Europe and Japan After the War
• The U.S. did not like this demand
but agreed anyway.
• The U.S and the Soviet Union
agreed to divide Korea to rid it of
the Japanese.
• The Soviet Union controlled most
of Eastern and Central Europe
including East Germany, Finland,
and Poland
Europe and Japan After the War
• Victory, military strength, and
resources made the Soviet
Union and the United States
the worlds most powerful
nations or superpowers.
Continuing Aid
• The U.S. wanted to help
Europeans recover for two
reasons:
– To show kindness
– To become strong against
the Soviet Union
Continuing Aid
• George C. Marshall, the
U.S. secretary of state had
an idea for making
Western Europe stronger,
provide funds, food, and
materials to help the
countries rebuild.
• This plan became known
as the Marshall Plan
Continuing Aid
• The plan helped promote
democracy and helped
form friendships with the
U.S.
• The U.S helped Asian
countries too.
The United Nations
• The United Nations, or U.N.
was formed to promote
peace among countries of
the world.
• President Roosevelt was
one of the main designers
of the U.N.
• Sadly he died just weeks
before it became official.
The United Nations
• President Truman
appointed Eleanor
Roosevelt as the
representative for the U.S
to the U.N.
• Mrs. Roosevelt helped
adopt the Human Rights
declaration.
Troubling Differences
• Although the Soviet Union
and the U.S. had been
allies during WW II the
superpowers had little in
common.
• The Soviets used
communism, or a political
and economic system in
which the government
owns most everything.
Troubling Differences
• The United States and the
nations of Western Europe
had democratic
governments that
promoted personal
freedoms and free
enterprise.
Troubling Differences
• There were other important
differences between the
U.S.S.R. and the U.S.
• The West valued human
rights and wanted to work
for peace, the Soviet Union
did not share these ideas.
• The differences in ideology,
or beliefs, caused many
problems.
The Iron Curtain
• Stalin made sure that each
country controlled by the
Soviet Union was
communist.
• These countries were no
longer free to make laws or
elect a government.
• They were controlled by
the government in
Moscow.
The Iron Curtain
• The Iron Curtain described
the closing off of Western
influence to all countries
controlled by the Soviet
Union.
• In reaction, the U.S. created
N.A.T.O. (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization) to help protect
all of the countries involved.
The Berlin Airlift
• In June 1948 the Soviets
stopped all traffic into
Western Berlin.
• No food, electricity,
heating oil, or clothing
were permitted.
• Stalin hoped that this
would break the will of
Berliners and bring the
entire city under Soviet
control.
The Berlin Airlift
• The Americans and British
would not leave the
Western Berliners to starve
or freeze.
• They organized the Berlin
Airlift where airplanes flew
with food and supplies
nonstop for 11 months.
• The blockade did not work
and was lifted in May 1949.
The Berlin Airlift
• The Soviets kept East Berlin
closed off from West Berlin
by building a wall dividing
the two in in 1949 and
completed in1962.
A New Kind of War
• In addition to establishing
control in parts of Europe,
the Soviet Union wanted to
expand communism
further.
• In Asia, the Soviets backed
governments in North
Korea and China.
• The Soviets made it clear
they planed on doing
away with democracy.
A New Kind of War
• The U.S. on the other hand was
dedicated at stopping the
spreading of communism.
• The U.S. supported free
elections and free enterprise.
• The differences between
countries became know as the
Cold War, or a war fought with
words, money, and sometimes,
weapons.
A New Kind of War
• Propaganda was a key device
in the Cold War.
• Radio Free America would
broadcast to people living
behind the Iron Curtain telling
them of democracy.
• The Soviets would tell their
people that Americans were
poor and democracy did not
work.
A New Kind of War
• One famous account
happened when the
Soviets showed their
people Americans
standing in line to buy
Super Bowl tickets, they
told them that we were
standing in line to buy
food.
A World Divided
• The world was divided into
three groups, the West or
Free World, Communist, or
if you did not fit into either
you were considered Third
World.
• In the Soviet Union, if
citizens expressed their
thoughts openly, they
could be arrested or even
worse.
Time Line
• 1945 - The United Nations
was formed
• 1946 - The Iron Curtain
“fell.”
• 1948 - The Marshall Plan
went into effect.