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Period 6 1865-1898 • THE BIG IDEA: The transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an increasingly industrialized and urbanized society brought about significant economic, political, diplomatic, social, environmental, and cultural changes. • Key Concept 6.1: The rise of big business in the United States encouraged massive migrations and urbanization, sparked government and popular efforts to reshape the U.S. economy and environment, and renewed debates over U.S. national identity. • Key Concept 6.2: The emergence of an industrial culture in the United States led to both greater opportunities for, and restrictions on, immigrants, minorities, and women. • Key Concept 6.3: The “Gilded Age” witnesses new cultural and intellectual movements in tandem with political debates over economic and social policies. Period 6 1865-1898 THE BIG IDEA: The transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an increasingly industrialized and urbanized society brought about significant economic, political, diplomatic, social, environmental, and cultural changes • • • • • • Rise of Big Business Urbanization Immigration Destruction of Native Americans Moving West Populists / Arguments over Monetary Policy Key Concept 6.1: The rise of big business in the United States encouraged massive migrations and urbanization, sparked government and popular efforts to reshape the U.S. economy and environment, and renewed debates over U.S. national identity. • Rise of Big Business – Vertical / Horizontal Integration – Taylor / Scientific Management – Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan, Vanderbilt, Stanford, Hearst, Pulitzer – Bessemer Process – Horatio Alger stories – Labor Unrest – Haymarket, Homestead, Pullman – Looking Backward • Urbanization – – – – Moving West Growth of Cities “White City” Chicago Fire • Efforts to Reshape – Sherman / Clayton Acts – Support for Railroads – “Lords of the Senate” • National Identity – Closure of Frontier – Redirection of Frontier Spirit (Turner) Key Concept 6.2: The emergence of an industrial culture in the United States led to both greater opportunities for, and restrictions on, immigrants, minorities, and women. • New Immigration – – – – Quotas Ellis Island / Golden Door Emma Lazarus Progressive Stirrings • Women – – – – Seneca Falls (48) Stanton / Anthony Support for Temperance Cult of Domesticity • Reconstruction / Post Reconstruction Lives of Af Ams – Suffrage then Disenfranchisement – 40 Acres… – Black Codes – Jim Crow – Slaughterhouse Cases – Plessy v. Ferguson – Booker T. Washington – Exodusters Key Concept 6.3: The “Gilded Age” witnesses new cultural and intellectual movements in tandem with political debates over economic and social policies. • Gilded Age – Twain – Rotten at Core • Horatio Alger Stories • Continued Nativism – Chinese Exclusion Act • Laissez Faire Econ • Social Darwinism • Realism in Literature / Painting (Ashcan School) Connections • Immigration – 1840s, c1900, c.2000 • Late 19th C Indian Removal v. other times • Turner’s Thesis v. Manifest Destiny v. City Upon a Hill v. American Exceptionalism • Econ changes – Heavy industry Consumer goods in 1920s • Urbanization Suburbanization in 1950s Gentrification in 1990s • Moving West Sunbelt Migration • Changing definition of “the west” • Melting Pot v. Salad Bowl (mosaic) metaphors • Booker T. Washington v. DuBois v. Garvey v. Philip Randolph v. MLK v. Malcolm X • Separate but equal – Treatment of African Americans v. Treatment of other minority interest groups (gay marriage) • Turner’s Thesis / Manifest Destiny v. Drang nach osten