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Download THE PRESIDENTS - Germantown Middle / Overview
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EARLY AMERICAN PRESIDENTS George Washington • 1789-1797 • No Political Party • VP – John Adams George Washington • Was not a Politician • Relied on His Cabinet for Help Alexander Hamilton • Secretary of Treasury – Raised taxes to cover debt from Revolutionary War – Created 1st National Bank to hold all tax money Alexander Hamilton • Secretary of Treasury –The bank upset those who feared a strong national gov’t (AntiFederalists) Jay’s Treaty • Allowed Great Britain to keep some military forts in US in NW territories • First time Americans became upset with George Washington Political Parties Began to emerge during Washington’s Presidency John Adams • 1797 – 1801 • Federalist • VP – Thomas Jefferson John Adams • XYZ Affair –America refused to bribe French officials to stop piracy of US Ships John Adams • Alien &Sedition Act – illegal to criticize gov’t officials w/o proof – Upset Dem-Rep cause violated First Amendment Thomas Jefferson • 1801-1809 • Democratic– Republican • Aaron Burr, George Clinton Thomas Jefferson • Election of 1800 – First Peaceful Transfer of Power • TJ’s Goal – Reduce the role and size of federal government Thomas Jefferson • Embargo Act –Eliminated trade with foreign countries in Europe due to piracy Supreme Court • Under Jefferson, Supreme Court sought to establish its power in the new gov’t Thomas Jefferson • Marbury vs. Madison –Established Judicial Review for all court cases in US Supreme Court • Chief Justice John Marshall • Marbury vs Madison gave court judicial review Supreme Court • McCullough vs Maryland prohibited states from taxing agencies of the federal gov’t James Madison • 1809-1817 • DemocraticRepublican • Eldridge Gary War of 1812 • 1812-1814 • Fought between US and Great Britain over freedom of the Sea and Native American Conflicts War of 1812 •Extremely unpopular war on both sides Treaty of Ghent • Officially ended War • Neutral victory • America gained Oregon Territory • Americans began to move into FL (Spanish Territory) James Monroe • 1817 – 1825 • National Republican • VP - Daniel Tompkins James Monroe • Wanted Europe to stay out of US Affairs • Created a rise in Nationalism in America James Monroe • Adams-Onis Treaty –US acquired the Florida Territory from Spain Monroe Doctrine • Created to keep Europe out of the affairs of America • It had four major provisions (essential Knowledge) MONROE DOCTRINE • The American continents should not be considered for future colonization by any European powers. • Nations in the Western Hemisphere were inherently different from those of Europe, republics by nature rather than monarchies. MONROE DOCTRINE • The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere. • The United States would not interfere in European affairs.
