Download Body System Review

Body System Review
Immune System
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Function
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Organs
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Thymus (produces lymphocytes), Spleen (breaks down
worn out red cells), Lymph System (transports cells), B
(destroy pathogens & produce antibodies), T cells
(Killer & Helper), White Blood Cells (destroy
pathogens), Physical & Chemical Barriers
Problems
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Protects other body systems from infection (traps
kills and eliminates invaders in the body)
HIV/AIDS, Cancer, Infections, Genetic Diseases
Care
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Proper nutrition, UV rays, exercise, hygiene
Nervous System
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Function
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Organs
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Brain & Spinal Cord, Neurons
Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) & Peripheral Nervous
System (nerves & ganglia)
Cerebrum – makes body move
Cerebellum – coordinates movements of body
Stem – breathing, heartbeat, swallowing, sneezing, emotional
response, mainly other functions
Problems
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Communicates with all other body systems, directs activities of all
systems & receives information about the condition of all other
systems
Parkinson’s (uncoordinated movement), Alzheimer’s (form of
dementia) Epilepsy (uncontrollable activity in brain)
Care
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Protect brain, no smoking/drug use, exercise & diet
Cardio/Circulatory System
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Function
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Organs
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Heart, blood, blood vessels
Problems
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maintain internal body environment were all cells
are nurtured, carries oxygen/nutrients to cells,
removes carbon dioxide/waste to lungs & kidneys
Heart Disease (blood pressure, heart attack,
etc.
Care (in your control)
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Diet, Stress & exercise, blood pressure, knowing
family history
Integumentary (Skin) System
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Function
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Organs
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Epidermis (melanin), Dermis (elasticity),
Hypodermis or Subcutaneous Layer
Problems
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Provides protective covering, Regulates body
temperature, Enables you to sense &
communicate with outside environment
Acne, Athletes Foot, Boils, Warts, Blisters,
Dandruff etc.
Care
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Good Personal Hygiene, Balanced Diet,
Sunscreen
Urinary System
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Function
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Organs
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Kidneys (size of fist) (filter every drop of blood once
every hour, Nephrons (filter blood inside of kidneys),
Bladder (2 cups), Ureters, Urethra (tube that urine
flows out of body), Sphincters
Problems
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To filter out excess fluid & other substances from
the bloodstream (only 1% of fluid that reaches kidney
turns into urine)
Cystitis (infection), Incontinence, Kidney Stones,
Nephritis (inflammation of nephrons), Urethritis
(inflammation of urethra, infection)
Care
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H2O intake, do not hold to much
Muscular System
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Function
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Organs
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Smooth muscles (lines walls of stomach, intestines &
hollow tubes) (involuntary), Skeletal muscles (
attached to bones, can be controlled) (voluntary),
Cardiac muscles (lines inside of wall of heart)
Problems
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Moves bones, pumps blood, moves food, controls air
movement
Cramps, Overuse (pulls & strains), Muscular
Dystrophy (body can not make certain proteins
needed to maintain muscle growth)
Care
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Aerobic exercise, Stretching, Nutrition
Skeletal System
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Function
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Organs
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Long (arms & legs), Short (wrists & ankles), Flat Bones
(ribs & skull – protect vital organs) Irregular Bones (all
others), Joints (fixed, moving, hinge, ball & socket)
Problems
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Support framework, protects organs, stores minerals,
produces white/red blood cells
Fractures, Arthritis, Scoliosis, Osteoporosis,
Repetitive Joint Injury
Care
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Increase bone mass, Protective gear, Calcium, Vit. D
& Phosphates
Respiratory System
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Function
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Organs
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Nose & mouth, Pharynx (throat), Trachea, Epiglottis,
Lungs, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Capillaries
Problems
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Exchange of gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) between
the body & the environment. Internal & external
respiration.
Common Cold & Bronchitis, Asthma (bronchioles
become narrowed), Emphysema (alveoli – burst),
Care
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touching face, avoiding areas of polluted air, wash
hands, increase exercise, avoid smoking