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Human Physiology in the Development of Performance Summary Today’s Objectives • To summarise the section we have just completed in preparation for the NAB • The CardioRespiratory system can be split into 2 parts • In general terms: – Cardio: Heart – Respiratory: Lungs Cardio-Respiratory System Question • What is the main function of the cardiorespiratory system? • Answer • To move air in and out of the lungs so that oxygen can be taken into the blood stream and carbon dioxide can be released from the blood stream into the lungs and breathed out. Anatomy of the Respiratory System Structure Description Nasal Passage Nose Oral Cavity Mouth Pharynx Larynx Funnel shaped tube allowing air to go into the windpipe Voice Box Trachea Windpipe Bronchi Sub-divisions of windpipe Anatomy of the Respiratory System Structure Description Lungs Cone shaped organs of the respiratory system Muscular organ of the cardiovascular system Flat bones that protect the heart and lungs Muscle that pull on the rib cage causing it to move Connective tissue that joins the ribs onto the sternum Heart Ribs Intercostal muscles Cartilage Anatomy of the Respiratory System Structure Description Bronchioles Small tube like subdivisions of the bronchi Muscle at the bottom of the rib cage which assists during breathing Bunch of grape like structures where pulmonary diffusion takes place Diaphragm Alveoli The Respiratory System Intercostal muscles Bronchioles Cartilage Diaphragm Alveoli Pathway of Air Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli – where pulmonary diffusion occurs What is Pulmonary Diffusion? • Pulmonary Diffusion is the name for the process of gas exchange which occurs in the lungs It has 2 main functions: 1. To replenish the blood with oxygen where it can be transported around the body 2. To remove carbon dioxide from the blood so we can breathe it out Pulmonary Diffusion • During pulmonary diffusion the gases (O2 and CO2) always travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration • Until there is an equal balance of both gases in the blood Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 Breathing In B The diaphragm contracts and flattens E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G F Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 Breathing Out A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax C The volume of the lungs decreases D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure Air is forced out of the lungs H Adaptations to the Respiratory with Exercise • Increased ability to take in more air due to increases in strength or endurance of intercostals muscles • Increased efficiency of oxygen uptake by blood (pulmonary diffusion) • Increased alveoli surface area Energy Systems • Diagram of ATP molecule P A P P Energy Systems Main Function of all energy systems - To re-synthesise ATP - ADP + P + Energy > ATP Energy Systems You must know the reactions which take place within each of the three systems and the advantages and disadvantages of them. You should know how long they last. Aerobic System (another role) • Assisting in the recovery of the other systems – ie oxygen deficit and excess post exercise oxygen consumption (epoc).