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Circulatory System Functions of Circulatory System • Brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells • Fights infection • Regulates body temperature Structures of Circulatory System • Heart • Blood • Blood Vessels: – Arteries – Capillaries – Veins Heart • • • • • Location: near center of chest Composed of: muscle (myocardium) 4 chambers: 2 Atria, 2 Ventricles Contracts ~ 72 times a minute Pumps ~ 70 milliliters of blood with each contraction • During an average lifetime, the human heart will beat more than 2.5 billion times Heart • Give a tennis ball a good, hard squeeze. You're using about the same amount of force your heart uses to pump blood out to the body. Even at rest, the muscles of the heart work hard--twice as hard as the leg muscles of a person sprinting. Blood • Human body contains 4-6 liters • Connective tissue containing dissolved substances and specialized cells – 45% cells – 55% plasma • 90% water • 10% gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, and plasma proteins Blood Functions • Collects – oxygen from lungs – Nutrients from digestive tract – Wastes from tissues • Regulate body temp • Fight infection • Form clots to repair damaged vessels Blood Cells • Red (erythrocytes) –Most numerous 1 ml of blood = ~ 5 million RBCs –Transport oxygen –Get color from Hemoglobin (ironcontaining protein that binds oxygen) –Shaped like disks w/ thick edges –Produced from red bone marrow –Circulate ~ 120 days before being destroyed in liver & spleen Blood Cells • White (leukocytes) –Less abundant (700 RBC to 1 WBC) –“army” of circulatory system –Attack foreign substances • Platelets –Clots blood –Repairs damaged vessels Figure 37-10 Blood Clotting Section 37-2 Break in Capillary Wall Clumping of Platelets Clot Forms Blood vessels injured. Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood.. Blood Vessels • Arteries –Large (“super highways”) –Carry blood away from the heart –Carry O2 rich blood (exception: pulmonary artery) Blood Vessels • Capillaries – Smallest (“side streets and alleys”) – Exchange of nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste • Veins – Return blood to heart – Muscles help force blood through veins against gravity Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels Vein Artery Endothelium Arteriole Capillary Venule Connective tissue Connective tissue Smooth muscle Endothelium Smooth muscle Endothelium Valve Path of Blood Flow • Start in the heart: – Left Atrium (through mitral valve) – Left ventricle (through aortic valve) • Leaves heart: – Aorta – Body/Capillaries Path of Blood Flow • Returns to Heart: – Veins – Vena Cava (inferior and Superior) – Right atrium (through tricuspid valve) – Right ventricle (through pulmonary valve) • Leaves Heart: – Pulmonary artery (goes to lungs) • Returns to Heart: – Through pulmonary veins to left atrium The Circulatory System Section 37-1 Capillaries of head and arms Superior vena cava Pulmonary vein Capillaries of right lung Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung Inferior vena cava Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Word Bank • Left Atrium • Left Ventricle • Right Atrium • Right Ventricle • Pulmonary Artery • Pulmonary Veins • Aorta • Vena Cava