Download 23-02_pptlect

Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION
Chapter 23, part 2
The Respiratory System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by
Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Frederic H. Martini
Fundamentals of
SECTION 23-5
The Lungs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Lobes and surfaces of the lungs
• Lobes of the lung are separated by fissures
• Right lung has three lobes
• Left lung has two lobes
• Concavity on medial surface = cardiac notch
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.7
Figure 23.7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.7
Figure 23.7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.7
Figure 23.8 The Relationship between the Lungs
and the Heart
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.8
The bronchial tree
• System of tubes formed from the primary bronchi
and their branches
• Primary bronchi branch into secondary or
lobar bronchi
• Secondary bronchus goes to each lobe of the
lungs
• Secondary bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi
• Tertiary bronchi supply air to a single
bronchopulmonary segment
• Cartilage in walls decrease and smooth
muscle increase with branching
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.10 The Bronchi and Lobules of the
Lung
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.10a
Figure 23.10 The Bronchi and Lobules of the
Lung
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.10b
The bronchioles
• Ultimately branch into terminal bronchioles
• Delivers air to a single pulmonary lobule
• Terminal bronchiole becomes respiratory
bronchioles
• Connective tissue of root branches to form
interlobar septa
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Alveolar ducts and alveoli
• Respiratory bronchioles end in ducts and sacs
• Respiratory exchange surfaces connected to
circulatory system via pulmonary circuit
PLAY
Animation: Lungs Flythrough
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.11 The Bronchioles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.11
Respiratory Membrane
• Simple squamous epithelium
• Endothelial cell lining an adjacent capillary
• Fused basal laminae
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cells of the respiratory membrane include
• Septal cells
• Scattered in respiratory membrane
• Produce surfactant
• Alveolar Macrophage
• Patrol epithelium and engulf foreign particles
PLAY
Animation: Respiratory Structures
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.12 Alveolar Organization
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.12a-c
The blood supply to the lungs
• Conducting portions
• Receive blood from external carotids,
thyrocervical, bronchial arteries
• Respiratory exchange surfaces
• receive blood from the arteries of the
pulmonary circuit
• are the source of angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE)
• Pulmonary veins return blood to the left atrium
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The pleural cavities and pleural membranes
• Each lung covered by one pleura
• Pleura – serous membranes lining the pleural
cavity
• Parietal - attaches to the walls of the pleural
cavity
• Visceral - adheres to the surface of the lungs
• Pleural fluid – fills and lubricates the space
between the pleura
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 23-6
An Overview of Respiratory Physiology
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Respiratory physiology is a series of integrated
processes
• Internal respiration
• Exchange of gases between interstitial fluid
and cells
• External respiration
• Exchange of gases between interstitial fluid
and the external environment
• The steps of external respiration include:
• Pulmonary ventilation
• Gas diffusion
• Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.13 An Overview of Key Steps in
Respiration
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.13