Download Amphibians

Animal Kingdom
What are the charctersitics of an
animal?
• Eukaryote
• Sexual reproducers
• Heterotrophs
• Locomotion
• Multicellular
What are the 2 major divisions in
animals?
Animals without a backbone
Animals with a backbone
• These include insects,
worms, sponges, mollusks,
and etc.
• Known as chordata
• Lack bones, some have hard
outer shells or exoskeletons
• Make up only 5% of
animals.
• Make up approximately
95% of all animals.
• Insects make up 80% of all
animals.
• There are five divisions of
animals with backbones.
Phylum Chordata
What is the phylum Chordata?
Includes 5 Classes
1.Fish
2.Amphibians
3.Reptiles
4.Birds
5.Mammals
What are fish?
• Habitat: nearly every
aquatic environment
• Respiration: use gills to
breathe
• Circulation: 2 chambered
heart
• Reproduction: sexual
(mostly external)
• Nervous System: lateral line
system that can detect
movement
What are the three types of fish?
• 3 Major Types of Fish
• Jawless Fish
• Cartilaginous Fish
• Bony Fish
What are amphibians?
• Examples: frogs, salamanders, toads
• Habitat: live on land and water
• Respiration: lungs in adults, gills in tadpoles, but
mostly through the moist skin
• Reproduction: External reproduction
(water needed to transport sperm and
eggs must be kept moist)
Amphibians
• Circulation: 3
chambered heart
(mixing)
• One chamber gets
oxygen-rich blood from
the lungs and skin
• One gets oxygen-poor
blood form the rest of the
body
• Both of those chambers
collect in a third chamber
that pumps a mix of
oxygen-rich and oxygenpoor blood to the lungs,
skin and body
Amphibians
• Temperature Regulation:
Ectotherms, variable body
temperature – gets heat
from outside source
• Metamorphosis – eggs,
tadpoles, adult
• Tadpoles – fins, gills, 2chambered heart
• Adult – legs, lungs, 3chambered heart
What are reptiles?
• Examples: snakes, crocodiles,
turtle, lizards
• Habitat: Land mostly
• Respiration: No exchange thru
skin bc it is scaly MUST use
lungs
• Circulation: most have 3
chambered heart
• Obtain food: claws, legs
directly under body makes
running easier
• Temp Regulation: ectotherms
Reptiles
• Reproduction:
Internal
fertilization and
can lay eggs on
land due to the
evolution of the
amniotic egg
What is the amniotic egg?
• Amnion: fluid that cushions
embryo
• Shell: leathery shell
• Yolk: food source for
embryo
• Allantois: wastes are
excreted into this
• Chorion: allows gas
exchange
• Egg tooth: horny tooth that
helps hatch the egg
What are birds?
• Examples: pelican, penguin, blue jay
• Respiration: lungs and air sacs for
extra oxygen for flight
• Temp Regulation: Endotherm
(internally regulates body temp so it is
constant)
• Reproduction: internal fertilization
and lay amniotic egg with a hard shell,
must incubate eggs
• Adaptations: hollow bones for flight,
feathers are lightweight, wings
Birds
• Circulation: 4 chambered heart (one side pumps oxygen-poor blood
to lungs the other side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the
body)
What are mammals?
Must haves to be a mammal:
 Hair
 Mammary glands that secrete
milk to nurse young
 Diaphragm to expand and
contract chest cavity to get
more oxygen
 Specialized teeth (ex. Molars,
canines, incisors)
 Can learn!
Mammals
• Temp Regulation:
Endotherms, maintain fairly
constant body temperature
• Circulation: 4 chambered
heart the oxygenated blood is
kept separate from the
deoxygenated blood
• Respiration: Diaphragm –
sheet of muscle located beneath
the lungs that separates the chest
cavity from the abdominal
cavity
What is the role of hair for mammals?
• Why is HAIR important?
• Insulation
• Waterproofing
• Conserves body heat
• Mammals cool off by
panting and sweating
How are mammals classified?
Mammals are classified
into 3 groups based on
their method of
reproduction
1. Placental Mammals
2. Marsupials
3. Monotremes
What are Placental Mammals?
• Carries baby in the mother’s
uterus until development is
almost complete
• Placenta provides food for
the baby, allows gas
exchange, and removes
waste
• 95% of mammals are
placental
What are Marsupials?
• After a baby has grown
to a certain size, the
mom carries the baby
inside a pouch made
of skin and hair on the
outside of the mom’s
body
• Most are found in
Australia
What are Monotremes?
• Reproduces by laying eggs
• Found only in Australia,
Tasmania, and New
Guinea
• 3 species of monotremes
alive today (platypus,
spiny anteater and longbeaked echidna